Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA yog tias rRNA yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim cov ribosomal proteins uas catalyze cov amino acids sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov protein chains thaum lub mRNA tseem ceeb los nqa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces coded hauv DNA los tsim cov protein tshwj xeeb. hauv peb tsab ntawv genetic code.
Nucleic acids yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub neej uas tuaj yeem tswj tau yuav luag txhua qhov haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog lub neej. Muaj ob hom nucleic acids xws li DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) thiab RNA (Ribose Nucleic Acid). DNA tshwm sim ua ib hom thaum RNA tshwm sim raws li peb hom tseem ceeb xws li xa xov RNA (mRNA), hloov RNA (tRNA), thiab ribosomal RNA (rRNA) raws li lawv txoj haujlwm thiab qhov chaw tshwm sim. Tag nrho peb hom RNA muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes thiab tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv protein synthesis vim lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb los sib sau ua ke kom raug cov amino acids raws li encoded nyob rau hauv DNA. Tag nrho peb hom RNA ua haujlwm sib txawv, tab sis ua tiav kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm hauv cov protein synthesis. Kab lus no npaj siab los tshawb txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si rRNA thiab mRNA thaum hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA.
rRNA yog dab tsi?
Ribosomal RNA lossis rRNA, raws li lub npe qhia, yog ib txwm txuas nrog ribosomes uas yog qhov chaw ntawm cov protein synthesis lossis kev txhais lus hauv hlwb. Hauv lwm lo lus, rRNA yog RNA feem ntawm ribosome. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm rRNA koom nrog cov protein synthesis hauv cell. Raws li, rRNA tswj hwm kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus xa xov RNA rau hauv cov amino acids, raws li nws muab cov txheej txheem.
Daim duab 01: Kev txhais lus
Tsis tas li, rRNA cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv RNA thaum lub sijhawm txhais lus, uas yog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm nucleic acid (nucleotide sequence) rau hauv cov protein molecule. Ob lub subunits ntawm ribosomal RNA yog cov loj subunit (LSU) thiab cov subunit me (SSU). Thaum lub sij hawm cov protein synthesis, lub subunit me nyeem cov mRNA strand thaum tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov protein molecule tshwm sim ntawm lub subunit loj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav nthuav kom paub tias tus xa xov RNA strand nce los ntawm ob lub subunits, feem ntau hu ua sandwiched ntawm SSU thiab LSU. Ribosome catalyzes tsim peptide daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv cov protein molecule. Tsis tas li, rRNAs yog nucleic acids nrog nucleotide sequences, cov no tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov khoom khaws cia ntawm caj ces.
mRNA yog dab tsi?
Messenger RNA lossis mRNA yog cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov noob. Nws nqa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces los tsim cov protein. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov protein. mRNA yog ib leeg tso tseg. Thaum ib lub noob pib nthuav tawm, nws tsim cov kab ke mRNA thaum thawj theem ntawm cov noob qhia (transcription). Nws yog complementary rau template DNA strand tab sis zoo ib yam li cov coding sequence.
Vim tias mRNA nqa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm DNA los tsim cov protein, nws txoj haujlwm tau xav kom muaj npe hu ua tub txib RNA. RNA polymerase enzyme lov cov hydrogen bonds ntawm qhov chaw xav tau ntawm DNA strand thiab qhib ob chav helix qauv kom nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem nitrogenous. RNA polymerase npaj cov ribonucleotides sib raug raws li qhov tshwm sim hauv paus ntawm DNA strand.
Daim duab 02: mRNA
Tsis tas li ntawd, RNA polymerase enzyme pab tsim cov strand tshiab los ntawm kev tsim cov piam thaj-phosphate bonds. Tom qab tsim ntawm mRNA strand, nws muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov protein synthesis nyob rau hauv peb tsab ntawv codons, uas yog triplets ntawm sib law liag nitrogenous bases. Cov codons no tau nyeem ntawm ribosomal RNA, thiab cov chains protein yog tsim los ntawm cov kab ke.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA?
- rRNA thiab mRNA yog ob hom RNA.
- Ob leeg tseem ceeb vim lawv koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov protein.
- Tsis tas li, ob leeg muaj ribonucleotides.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si muaj nyob hauv cytoplasm ntawm cov hlwb.
Qhov txawv ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA yog dab tsi?
The mRNA nqa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm DNA mus rau ribosomes uas yog qhov chaw rau cov protein synthesis thaum rRNA pab txhawb cov synthesis ntawm cov protein. Peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, mRNA tsim tshwm sim hauv lub nucleus thaum rRNA synthesis tshwm sim hauv nucleolus. Yog li, nws kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA.
Ntxiv mus, rRNA txuas nrog ribosomes thaum mRNA tsis txuas rau ribosomes. Yog li ntawd, qhov no tseem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA. Thaum xav txog lub neej ncua sij hawm ntawm txhua lub molecule, rRNA kav ntev dua mRNA, vim mRNA raug rhuav tshem tom qab muab cov nucleotide sib lawv liag. Li no, lub neej ncua yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA.
Hauv qab infographic ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA qhia qhov sib txawv no raws li kev sib piv ntawm ib sab.
Summary – rRNA vs mRNA
Muaj peb hom RNA; mRNA, tRNA thiab rRNA. Tag nrho peb hom kev koom tes hauv protein synthesis (kev txhais lus). mRNA nqa peb tsab ntawv genetic code rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein, thaum tRNA coj cov amino acids mus rau ribosome.rRNA txuas cov amino acids kom raug thiab sib sau ua ke cov saw hlau polypeptide ntawm cov protein. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho peb hom ua tiav kev koom tes ua haujlwm hauv protein synthesis. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txhua molecule hauv protein synthesis. mRNA tsim cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov protein thaum rRNA sib sau cov amino acids rau hauv cov saw peptide. Tsis tas li ntawd, rRNA koom nrog cov ribosomes thaum mRNA khiav ntawm ob lub subunits ntawm ribosome thaum lub sij hawm cov protein synthesis. Qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm rRNA thiab mRNA.
