Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Homologous vs Analogous Structures
Qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov qauv yog ntseeg tau los ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Biologists hais tias tag nrho cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob yuav tsum sib koom ib leeg poj koob yawm txwv kawg. Thaum soj ntsuam xyuas thiab sib piv lawv qhov zoo sib xws, cov pov thawj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas txog lawv cov kev sib raug zoo evolutionary. Txawm li cas los xij, ib puag ncig kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kab mob 'tus yam ntxwv. Kev xaiv ntuj thiab kev hloov pauv ua rau cov kab mob muaj sia nyob los yog ploj mus los ntawm ib puag ncig. Cov kws tshawb fawb sib piv lub cev nqaij daim tawv, embryos thiab DNA cov ntaub ntawv los txiav txim siab txog keeb kwm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob thiab tsim cov ntoo phylogenetic. Txawm li cas los xij, phylogenetic ntoo los yog evolutionary ntoo yog hypothesized tsim. Yog li, cov kws tshawb fawb siv cov cim homologous thiab cov cim zoo sib xws. Homologous cim yog cov cim zoo sib xws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob sib txawv vim yog ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Cov kab mob no muaj homologous qauv. Analogous cim yog cov yam ntxwv uas qhia pom qhov zoo sib xws ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntuj thiab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Cov kab mob no muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm homologous thiab analogous qauv yog tias homologous cov qauv tau muab los ntawm cov qauv poj koob yawm txwv thaum cov qauv zoo sib xws tau muab los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv evolutionary sib txawv.
Homologous Structures yog dab tsi?
Homologous cov qauv yog cov kabmob lossis lwm cov qauv hauv cov tsiaj sib txawv uas nqis los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv. Cov qauv no zoo ib yam anatomically, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib txawv. Homologous qauv yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kab mob uas muaj feem xyuam vim lawv sib koom ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Homology yog lo lus uas piav qhia txog kev sib koom ntawm cov yam ntxwv los ntawm hom vim yog ib qho kev xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Muaj peb hom homologies tseem ceeb. Lawv yog morphological homology (qhia qhov zoo sib xws anatomical), ontogenetic homology (qhia kev loj hlob (embryological) zoo sib xws) thiab molecular homology (qhia qhov zoo sib xws hauv DNA, RNA, thiab protein).
Ib qho piv txwv rau homologous qauv yog cov pob txha pob txha ntawm cov pob txha. Lub caj npab ntawm tib neeg, tis ntawm ib tug noog los yog ib tug puav, ceg ntawm tus aub thiab lub flipper ntawm ib tug ntses taub ntswg ntev los yog whale yog homologous lug.
Daim duab 01: Homologous Structures
Cov qauv no muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv, tab sis lawv zoo sib xws thiab sib koom ua ke, uas qhia txog cov pov thawj ntawm ib caj ces.
Cov qauv Analogous yog dab tsi?
Cov qauv analogues muaj cov haujlwm zoo sib xws. Lawv tsis yog muab los ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv thiab muaj ntau yam evolutionary poj koob yawm txwv. Analogous qauv yog los ntawm convergent evolution. Cov kab mob uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam muaj qhov zoo sib xws vim yog kev hloov mus rau ib puag ncig zoo sib xws lossis ecological niches. Natural xaiv yuam cov kab mob uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kom muaj cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv tau rau kev ciaj sia. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv zoo sib xws muaj xws li tis ntawm cov noog, puav, thiab kab. Cov qauv no ua haujlwm tib yam hauv ntau hom. Tab sis lawv cov qauv kev loj hlob thiab keeb kwm txawv.
Daim duab 02: Cov Qauv Sib Tw
Qhov txawv ntawm Homologous thiab Analogous Structures yog dab tsi?
Homologous vs Analogous Structures |
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| Homologous cov qauv yog cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv uas muaj qhov zoo sib xws morphology thiab anatomy thiab cov haujlwm sib txawv. | Cov qauv analogue yog cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv evolutionary sib txawv uas muaj cov haujlwm zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev. |
| Homologous cov qauv zoo ib yam hauv lub cev. | Cov qauv analogue yog qhov sib txawv hauv qhov kev xav. |
| Homologous cov qauv ua haujlwm sib txawv. | Cov qauv analogue ua haujlwm zoo sib xws. |
| Homologous qauv tsim nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj muaj feem xyuam. | Cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke txhim kho hauv cov tsiaj tsis sib xws. |
| kev tsim qauv | |
| Homologous cov qauv qhia cov qauv kev txhim kho zoo sib xws. | Cov qauv analogues qhia cov qauv kev loj hlob tsis sib xws. |
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Nyob zoo | |
| Homologous cov qauv tau txais los ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. | Cov qauv sib txawv yog tau txais los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv sib txawv. |
| Examples | |
| Piv txwv ntawm homologous qauv suav nrog ntses taub ntswg ntev, noog lub tis, miv ceg, thiab tib neeg caj npab. | Piv txwv rau cov qauv piv txwv suav nrog tis ntawm npauj npaim thiab tis ntawm tus puav. |
Summary – Homologous vs Analogous Structures
Cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov qauv poj koob yawm txwv uas yuav lossis tsis ua haujlwm zoo ib yam hauv cov tsiaj hu ua homologous qauv. Cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv sib txawv uas ua haujlwm zoo sib xws yog hu ua cov qauv sib txawv. Homologous qauv yog pom nyob rau hauv evolutionarily yam tsiaj. Analogous qauv yog pom nyob rau hauv evolutionary yam tsis muaj feem xyuam. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm cov qauv homologous zoo sib xws thaum lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv tsis sib xws. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm homologous thiab analogous qauv. Homologous qauv raug suav hais tias yog pov thawj ntawm evolution. Analogous qauv raug suav hais tias yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Download PDF Version of Homologous vs Analogous Structures
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Homologous thiab Analogous Structures.
