Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Coding vs Noncoding DNA
Ib genome ntawm ib yam kab mob yog txhais raws li tag nrho cov DNA suav nrog tag nrho nws cov noob. Lub genome yog sawv cev los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej ntawm chromosomes tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm ib tug cell. DNA suav nrog cov nucleotide ib ntus uas muaj cov qauv sib txawv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Qee qhov DNA ntu muaj cov ntaub ntawv caj ces rau kev sib txuas cov proteins thaum qee qhov muaj lwm yam haujlwm xws li kev tswj hwm, nce qib, thiab lwm yam. Coding DNA thiab noncoding DNA yog ob feem ntawm lub cev DNA. DNA sequences uas encode rau proteins yog hu ua coding DNA. Cov sequences uas tsis encode rau cov proteins yog hu ua noncoding DNA. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm coding thiab noncoding DNA. Hauv tib neeg genome, tsuas yog kwv yees li 1.5% yog coding DNA thiab seem ntawm 98% yog sawv cev los ntawm noncoding DNA.
Coding DNA yog dab tsi?
Cov DNA sib lawv liag hauv cov genome uas sau thiab txhais ua cov proteins hu ua coding DNA. Coding sequences muaj nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam coding ntawm cov noob. Lub cheeb tsam coding yog tsim los ntawm cov kab ke hu ua exons. Exons yog ib feem ntawm cov noob uas muaj cov noob caj noob ces rau kev tsim cov proteins tshwj xeeb. Exons yog interspersed nyob rau hauv lub noncoding sequences hu ua introns nyob rau hauv cov noob. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, coding DNA account rau ib feem me me. Tsuas yog kwv yees li 1.5% ntawm tag nrho cov genome ntev sib haum rau coding DNA uas txhais ua cov proteins. Qhov no coding DNA muaj ntau tshaj 27000 noob thiab tsim tag nrho cov proteins uas tseem ceeb rau cellular txheej txheem.
Proteins encoding sequences of the genes are transcribed into mRNA sequences first. Tom qab ntawd cov mRNA sequences tau muab txhais ua cov amino acid sequences uas tig mus rau hauv polypeptide chains. Txhua peb nucleotide teev nyob rau hauv cov kab ke exon yog hu ua codon. Ib codon muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov amino acid. Codon sequence muab cov amino acid sequence. Amino acid sequence ua ke ua cov protein uas yog encoded los ntawm cov kab ke.
Coding sequences feem ntau pib nrog pib codon ATG thiab xaus nrog nres codon TAA TAA.
Daim duab 01: Coding DNA
DNA yog dab tsi?
Cov DNA sib lawv liag ntawm cov genome uas tsis encode rau cov proteins yog hu ua noncoding DNA. Lawv yog cov khoom ntawm cov kab mob DNA. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov genome ntawm cov kab mob muaj xws li tsis yog DNA code. Nws suav rau ntau dua 98% ntev ntawm genome. Tag nrho cov genomic DNA sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov feem ntawm coding thiab noncoding DNA kuj txawv ntawm cov kab mob. Tus nqi ntawm noncoding DNA txawv heev ntawm hom thiab. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv txhua hom, tsuas yog ib feem me me yog lub luag haujlwm rau coding DNA; tus so yog noncoding DNA. Qhov no yog qhov opposite nyob rau hauv prokaryotes. Nyob rau hauv prokaryotic genome, coding DNA yog feem ntau DNA thaum tsuas yog 20% yog suav rau noncoding DNA.
Ntau hom kev tsis siv DNA tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas hauv cov kab mob genome. Lawv yog introns, repetitive DNA, regulatory DNA, thiab lwm yam Repetitive DNA yog ntau hom xws li telomeres, tandem repeats, thiab interspersed repeats. Introns yog noncoding DNA pom nyob rau hauv cov noob. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm DNA uas tsis code rau cov proteins. Qee qhov tsis yog DNA hloov pauv mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis yog RNA xws li hloov RNA, ribosomal RNA, thiab kev tswj hwm RNA. Qee qhov noncoding DNA ua haujlwm raws li kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhais lus ntawm cov txheej txheem coding. Kev tshawb fawb hauv noob caj noob ces qhia tau hais tias qee qhov tsis yog DNA tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm epigenetic thiab kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm caj ces.
Daim duab 02: Tsis yog DNA hauv tib neeg genome
Qhov txawv ntawm Coding thiab Noncoding DNA yog dab tsi?
Coding vs Noncoding DNA |
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| Coding DNA yog DNA sequences uas encode rau cov proteins. | Noncoding DNA yog cov kab ke uas tsis encode rau cov proteins. |
| Type | |
| Exons yog hom coding DNA. | Muaj ntau hom DNA tsis yog code xws li introns, rov ua dua DNA, thiab tswj DNA. |
| Percentage in Human Genome | |
| Coding DNA suav txog li 1.5% ntev ntawm tib neeg genome. | Noncoding DNA account rau ntau dua 98% ntev ntawm tib neeg genome. |
| Coding DNA transcripts thiab txhais ua cov proteins. | Noncoding DNA muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv xws li kev tswj hwm, kev ua haujlwm epigenetic thiab lwm yam. |
Summary – Coding vs Noncoding DNA
Coding thiab noncoding DNA yog ob yam ntawm cov kab mob genome. Ob DNA sequences yog tsim los ntawm nucleotide sequences. Coding DNA yog DNA ib ntus uas encode rau cov proteins uas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes. Noncoding DNA yog cov DNA sequences uas tsis encode rau cov proteins. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm coding thiab noncoding DNA. Feem ntau, tus nqi ntawm coding DNA yog tsawg piv rau noncoding DNA hauv genome. Hauv tib neeg genome, feem pua ntawm coding thiab noncoding DNA yog 1.5% thiab 98% feem.
Download PDF Version of Coding vs Noncoding DNA
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv ntawm Coding thiab Noncoding DNA.
