Qhov txawv ntawm olefins thiab paraffins yog tias olefins tseem ceeb muaj ib lossis ntau dua ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms, whereas paraffins tsis muaj ob lossis triple daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms.
Olefin thiab paraffin yog cov lus siv rau ob pawg sib txawv ntawm hydrocarbon tebchaw. Olefins yog alkenes, thiab paraffins yog alkanes. Ob nqe lus no, olefin thiab paraffin, feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam.
Olefins yog dab tsi?
Olefins yog alkenes. Lawv muaj ib lossis ntau dua ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms. Ib qho olefin yog ib pawg ntawm hydrocarbons uas tsuas yog carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Olefin yog lwm lub npe rau alkenes vim olefins yog hydrocarbons uas yog tsim los ntawm carbon atoms nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li ntawd, olefins yog tsim los ntawm sp3 hybridized carbon atoms as well as sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Ntxiv mus, lawv yog unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds.
Olefins muaj C-H ib daim ntawv cog lus, C-C ib daim ntawv cog lus, thiab C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Tab sis tag nrho cov kev sib txuas no yog sawv cev los ntawm cov qauv dav dav ntawm olefins, uas yog CnH2n qhov twg n yog tus lej.
Daim duab 01: Olefins
Olefins tuaj yeem faib ua ntau txoj hauv kev. Cyclic structures hu ua cyclic olefins. Cov qauv aliphatic hu ua acyclic olefins. Los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus tam sim no hauv cov qauv tshuaj, olefins tuaj yeem raug hu ua monoolefins, diolefins, triolefins, thiab lwm yam.
Olefins tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb theem teeb meem nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv tshuaj. Tej yam yooj yim olefins muaj xws li gases, whereas complex olefins muaj nyob ua kua los yog solids. Vim lawv cov tshuaj muaj zog heev reactivity, olefins tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nqi tsawg heev nyob rau hauv cov roj crude thiab natural gases. Olefins tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv refineries thaum lub sij hawm ua cov roj crude. Ntawm no, olefins yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg. Piv txwv li, thermal cracking yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv loj uas tuaj yeem siv tau kom tau txais olefins los ntawm cov roj av.
YParaffins yog dab tsi?
Paraffins yog alkanes, uas yog saturated hydrocarbons muaj cov tshuaj formula CnH2n+2 (qhov twg n yog tag nrho). Cov no hu ua hydrocarbons vim lawv muaj C thiab H atoms. Tag nrho cov atoms no txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm ib qho kev sib cog lus. Txij li thaum tsis muaj ob lossis peb daim ntawv cog lus, paraffins yog saturated hydrocarbons.
Daim duab 02: Methane, ib qho yooj yim Paraffin
Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj no yog ib pawg dav ntawm cov organic molecules. Peb tuaj yeem sau npe rau lawv raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom thiab cov pab pawg sab uas lawv muaj. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws alkane yog methane. Hauv methane, lub hauv paus carbon atom khi nrog 4 hydrogen atoms. Lub IUPAC nomenclature ntawm paraffins yog raws li Greek prefixes.
Txhua tus paraffins tsis muaj xim thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab. Cov ntsiab lus melting thiab cov ntsiab lus boiling nce nrog qhov nce ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms. Raws li tus qauv ntsuas kub thiab siab, qee qhov ntawm lawv yog cov kua dej, thaum qee qhov yog gaseous compounds. Thiab, qhov sib txawv no yog vim lawv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Ntxiv mus, alkanes qhia isomerism. Ib qho paraffin molecule tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv isomerism lossis stereoisomerism raws li nws cov qauv thiab spatial kev npaj ntawm cov molecule.
Qhov txawv ntawm Olefins thiab Paraffins yog dab tsi?
Olefin thiab paraffin yog cov lus siv rau ob pawg sib txawv ntawm hydrocarbon tebchaw. Olefins yog alkenes thaum paraffins yog alkanes. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm olefins thiab paraffins yog tias olefins tseem ceeb muaj ib lossis ntau dua ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms, whereas paraffins tsis muaj ob lossis triple daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv dav dav rau olefins yog CnH2n thaum lub mis rau paraffins yog CnH2n + 2. Ntxiv mus, olefins tuaj yeem dhau los ua polymerization vim muaj cov pi bonds, tab sis paraffins tsis tuaj yeem ua polymerization vim tsis muaj pi bonds.
Summary – Olefins vs Paraffins
Lo lus olefin thiab paraffin yog cov lus siv rau ob pawg sib txawv ntawm hydrocarbon tebchaw. Olefins yog alkenes, thiab paraffins yog alkanes. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm olefins thiab paraffins yog tias olefins tseem ceeb muaj ib lossis ntau dua ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms, whereas paraffins tsis muaj ob lossis triple daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms.
