Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Neurotransmitter vs Neuromodulator
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm neurotransmitter thiab neuromodulator yog cov neurotransmitter yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tso tawm los ntawm cov neuron xa cov cim rau cov neuron tom ntej, thaum lub neuromodulator yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tso tawm los ntawm neuron los hloov cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov teeb liab kis.. Neuromodulators tuaj yeem nce lossis txo cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm neurotransmitters los ntawm kev tswj cov synthesis thiab tus nqi ntawm cov neurotransmitters tso tawm nyob rau hauv teb rau cov stimuli.
Neurotransmitter yog dab tsi?
Neurotransmitters feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Nws yog cov tshuaj molecule tso tawm los ntawm presynaptic neuron los xa cov teeb liab mus rau postsynaptic neuron los yog mus rau lub cell uas tsis yog-neuronal. Muaj ntau hom neurotransmitters txuam nrog tshuaj synapses. Raws li qhov loj ntawm cov neurotransmitter, ob pawg loj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau: me me molecule neurotransmitters thiab loj molecule peptides [neuropeptides]. Me me molecule neurotransmitters yog ib qho amino acids, acetylcholine, amines, purines, thiab lwm yam. Neuropeptides yog cov protein me me molecules koom nrog cov tshuaj synapses. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov neurotransmitters, muaj ob hom loj; inhibitory neurotransmitters thiab excitatory neurotransmitters. Excitatory neurotransmitters txhawb lub hlwb thaum inhibitory neurotransmitters sib npaug thiab ua kom lub hlwb.
Neurotransmitters yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub soma los yog ntawm lub axon davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm presynaptic neuron thiab muab cia rau hauv lub me me hnab hu ua synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicles uas muaj cov neurotransmitters raug tso tawm mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ob lub paj hlwb uas hu ua synaptic cleft. Vesicle membrane fuses nrog plasma membrane ntawm cov neuron thiab nthuav tawm cov neurotransmitters mus rau synaptic cleft los ntawm exocytosis. Neurotransmitters diffuse los ntawm cov synaptic cleft thiab pom lawv cov receptors tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntshav plasma ntawm postsynaptic neuron. Qee cov neurotransmitters tau rov ua dua sai sai los ntawm presynaptic neuron thiab qee qhov yog degraded los ntawm cov enzymes. Neurotransmitters khi rau cov receptors, xa cov teeb liab tshuaj mus rau lwm cov neuron. Qhov kev sib kis no tshwm sim sai heev txij li thaum lawv khi nrog ionotropic receptors.
Zoo, paub cov tshuaj neurotransmitters suav nrog Acetylcholine, Glutamine, Glutamate, Serine, Glycine, Alanine, Aspartate, Dopamine, thiab lwm yam.
Figure_1: Tshuaj Synapse
Neuromodulator yog dab tsi?
Neuromodulator yog cov tshuaj molecule, uas muaj peev xwm hloov cov nyhuv ntawm impulse xa mus rau neurons yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm kev sib kis. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev tswj cov neurotransmitters synthesis thiab tso tawm. Neuromodulators yog tsim los ntawm cov neurons. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub paj hlwb. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib qho neuromodulator tsis txwv rau ib qho neuron tshwj xeeb lossis rau qhov chaw tso tawm. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv ntau pawg lossis pawg ntawm cov neurons lossis lub hom phiaj. Neuromodulators khi nrog metabotropic receptors, feem ntau G protein activated receptors. Lawv qhib lub molecule tshiab hu ua tus tub txib thib ob. Neuromodulation yog cov txheej txheem qeeb thiab ntev ntev txij li nws cuam tshuam nrog metabotropic receptors.
Cov neuromodulators hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub paj hlwb yog dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, thiab norepinephrine.
Figure_2: Dopamine ua hauv ib lub synapse
Qhov txawv ntawm Neurotransmitter thiab Neuromodulator yog dab tsi?
Neurotransmitter vs Neuromodulator |
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| Neurotransmitter yog tshuaj lom neeg tso tawm los ntawm cov neuron xa cov cim rau cov neuron tom ntej. | Neuromodulator yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tso tawm los ntawm cov neuron los hloov cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov teeb liab kis. |
| Role | |
| Nws lub luag haujlwm yog kev xa cov cim tshuaj mus rau cov neuron uas nyob ib sab. | Nws lub luag haujlwm yog los hloov cov teeb liab kis ntawm cov neurons los ntawm kev tswj cov neurotransmitter synthesis thiab tso tawm. |
| Tshwj xeeb site | |
| Neurotransmitters raug tso tawm rau hauv lub synaptic cleft. | Neuromodulators tuaj yeem tso tawm rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov neuron. |
| Txoj kev txais tos | |
| Lawv khi rau ionotropic receptors. | Lawv khi nrog cov metabotropic receptors thiab qhib cov molecules thib ob. |
| Action | |
| Lawv ua rau ib qho presynaptic neuron lossis ib qho effector cell. | Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau pawg neurons. |
| Lawv nrawm me ntsis. | Lawv qis qis thiab siv sijhawm ntev dua. |
| Reuptake | |
| Presynaptic neurons tuaj yeem nqus tau cov neurotransmitter. | Lawv tsis rov nqus los ntawm presynaptic neuron. |
Summary – Neurotransmitter vs Neuromodulator
Neurotransmitters yog cov tshuaj molecules uas nqa cov tshuaj lom neeg cov cim qhia los ntawm ib qho neuron mus rau lwm cov neuron thiab pab txhawb cov teeb liab kis tau los ntawm neurons. Neuromodulators yog cov khoom tso tawm los hloov cov cellular lossis synaptic zog ntawm neurons thiab hloov cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob tshwm sim los ntawm neurotransmitters. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm neurotransmitter thiab neuromodulator. Neurotransmitters khi rau ionotropic postsynaptic receptors thiab sai dhau lub teeb liab thaum cov neuromodulators khi nrog metabotropic receptors ntawm postsynaptic neurons thiab maj mam hloov cov teeb liab kis ntawm ib pawg neurons lossis effector hlwb.
