Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm provirus thiab retrovirus yog tias provirus yog ib theem ntawm cov kab mob sib kis uas qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tus kab mob genome nrog tus tswv tsev genome thaum retrovirus yog tus kab mob RNA uas muaj peev xwm hloov nws RNA genome rau hauv DNA nruab nrab. los ntawm enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Kab mob yog cov kab mob me me uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog obligate intracellular parasites. Lawv tuaj yeem kis tau yuav luag txhua yam kabmob muaj sia, suav nrog tsiaj txhu, nroj tsuag, fungi, protozoa thiab kab mob. Yog li, lawv yog cov kab mob ua rau tuag taus ntau yam, suav nrog HIV, polio, rubella, kab mob siab, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog cov kab mob microscopic uas muaj cov protein capsids thiab DNA lossis RNA genome. Lawv genome tuaj yeem yog ib leeg-stranded lossis ob-stranded, ncig lossis linear. Retrovirus yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob. Cov kab mob no muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib leeg-stranded RNA genome thiab cov noob coding rau thim rov qab transcriptase enzyme. Yog li, lawv muaj peev xwm rov ua dua los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm DNA. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, tus provirus yog ib theem ntawm tus kab mob replication.
Provirus yog dab tsi?
Ib tus kab mob yog ib theem ntawm tus kab mob sib kis hauv tus tswv tsev. Hauv theem no, tus kab mob genome tshwm sim nrog tus tswv tsev genome. Feem ntau, provirus hais txog tus kab mob genome tso rau hauv genomic DNA ntawm eukaryotic host cell. Proviruses thiab prophages yog cov qauv zoo sib xws, tab sis provirus txawv ntawm prophage vim qhov tseeb tias provirus integrates tus kab mob genome rau hauv eukaryotic genome thaum prophage xaiv cov kab mob genome ua lawv tus tswv. Provirus tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kab mob endogenous rau lub sijhawm ntev, uas muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kab mob. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj yog endogenous retroviruses uas ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv ib theem ntawm provirus.
Proviruses tau txais lysogenic viral replication. Thaum tus provirus tau koom ua ke rau hauv tus tswv tsev genome, nws tsis rov ua dua los ntawm nws tus kheej; Nws replicates nrog eukaryotic host genome. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem no, tus kab mob provirus yuav dhau mus rau thawj lub xovtooj ntawm tes thiab, los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm tes, tus provirus yuav muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov cell pib.
Daim duab 01: Provirus
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tus kab mob mus rau eukaryotic genome tuaj yeem ua rau ob hom kab mob; latent kab mob thiab tsim tau kab mob. Tus kab mob latent tshwm sim thaum tus kab mob provirus tau txais transcriptionally ntsiag to. Thaum muaj kev kis kab mob, cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke dhau los ua kev ua haujlwm thiab hloov mus rau mRNA (tus tub txib RNA), uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob tshiab. Cov kab mob uas tsim tawm tuaj cuam tshuam cov cell membranes. Tus kab mob latent muaj peev xwm dhau los ua tus kab mob tsim tau yog tias lub cev tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob los yog vim qee yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv.
Retrovirus yog dab tsi?
Ib tus kab mob retrovirus yog ib pawg kab mob uas muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib leeg-stranded RNA genome. Lawv muaj ib qho enzyme hu ua thim rov qab transcriptase thiab lawv cov kev rov ua dua tshwm sim ntawm DNA nruab nrab. Kev tsim cov DNA nruab nrab thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau pawg kab mob no.
Thaum kis tus kab mob, cov kab mob retroviruses txuas mus rau tus tswv tsev cell los ntawm cov glycoproteins tshwj xeeb nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm cov kab mob. Lawv fuse nrog lub cell membrane thiab nkag mus rau lub party cell. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub party cell cytoplasm, retrovirus thim rov qab transcribes nws genome mus rau hauv ob-stranded DNA siv thim rov qab transcriptase enzyme. Cov DNA tshiab koom ua ke rau hauv tus tswv tsev genome siv cov enzyme hu ua integrase thiab tsim cov theem provirus. Txawm hais tias muaj tus kab mob tshwm sim, tus tswv tsev cell tsis paub txog tus kab mob DNA tom qab kev koom ua ke. Li no, thaum lub sij hawm tus tswv tsev genome replication, viral genome replicates thiab tsim cov proteins tsim nyog los ua cov ntawv luam tshiab ntawm cov kab mob.
Daim duab 02: Retroviruses
Retroviruses tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm ob tus tib neeg lossis ntawm ob tus tsiaj. Muaj peb tsev neeg retroviruses: Oncovirus, Lentivirus thiab Spumavirus. Oncoviruses yog cov kab mob uas ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav. Lentiviruses yog cov kab mob uas coj mus rau qhov pib ntawm cov kab mob tuag taus, hos Spumavirus muaj cov yam ntxwv spikes tawm ntawm lub hnab ntawv.
Cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog tus kab mob rov qab muaj xws li feline leukemia lossis sarcoma, caprine arthritis encephalitis, tib neeg laus cell leukemia, thiab lwm yam. Vim lawv lub peev xwm los ntxig cov kab mob genome hauv cov kab mob hauv lub cev, cov kab mob retroviruses muaj kev siv loj heev hauv cov kab mob xa mus, thiab lawv ua raws li cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig hauv molecular biology.
Dab tsi yog qhov Zoo sib xws ntawm Provirus thiab Retrovirus?
- Retroviruses replication tshwm sim ntawm theem provirus.
- Yog li ntawd, tus kab mob provirus yog ib theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas rov qab.
Qhov txawv ntawm Provirus thiab Retrovirus yog dab tsi?
Ib tus kab mob yog tus kab mob kis kab mob sib xyaw nrog tus tswv tsev genome thiab yog theem ntawm tus kab mob sib kis. Hauv qhov sib piv, tus kab mob retrovirus yog tus kab mob RNA uas muaj peev xwm thim rov qab nws cov RNA genome rau hauv DNA ua ntej kev koom ua ke nrog tus tswv tsev genome. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm provirus thiab retrovirus. Retroviruses muaj cov enzymes thim rov qab, tsis zoo li provirus.
Summary – Provirus vs Retrovirus
Ib tug provirus yog ib theem ntawm tus kab mob replication. Nws yog tus kab mob genome koom ua ke rau hauv tus tswv tsev genome. Hauv qhov sib piv, tus kab mob retrovirus yog ib tus kab mob RNA ib leeg uas rov ua dua los ntawm DNA nruab nrab. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm provirus thiab retrovirus. Retroviruses kuj tau dhau mus rau theem provirus thaum lawv rov ua dua hauv tus tswv.
