Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm psychrophiles thiab psychrotrophs yog tias psychrophiles yog cov kab mob uas muaj qhov pom kev loj hlob ntawm 15 0 C lossis qis dua, qhov siab tshaj plaws kub hauv qab 20 0 C, thiab qhov kev loj hlob tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 0 0 C lossis qis dua thaum psychrotrophs yog cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm 0 0 C tab sis muaj qhov kub zoo ntawm 20-40 0 C.
Cov tshuaj thiab lub cev lub cev ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov kub thiab txias, pH, muaj oxygen, dej ua haujlwm, lub teeb thiab siab yog qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv physiochemical uas cuam tshuam rau lub neej microbial. Cov kab mob uas nyob hauv ib puag ncig huab cua muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, microbes uas nyob hauv qhov chaw uas kub heev lossis txias heev muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Psychrophiles thiab psychrotrophs yog ob pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm loj hlob ntawm qhov txias txias.
Psychrophiles yog dab tsi?
Psychrophiles yog cov kab mob uas muaj qhov pom kev loj hlob ntawm 15 0 C lossis qis dua, qhov siab tshaj plaws kev loj hlob ntawm 20 0 C lossis qis dua thiab qhov kev loj hlob yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 0 0 C lossis qis dua. Lawv tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas tsis tas li txias xws li dej hiav txwv nrog qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm 5 0 C, dej hiav txwv, snowfields thiab glaciers thiab marine sediments, thiab lwm yam. Vim psychrophiles tsis muaj peev xwm ciaj sia nyob ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 20 0 C, lawv yuav raug tua los ntawm qhov kub ntawm chav tsev.
Daim duab 01: Ib Psychrophile
Psychrophiles tsim cov enzymes uas ua haujlwm zoo ntawm qhov txias txias. Cov enzymes txias-ua haujlwm no qhia ntau dua ntawm α-helix thiab tsawg dua ntawm β-daim ntawv theem nrab txij li β-daim ntawv theem nrab cov qauv yuav nruj dua li α-helices. Yog li, qhov ntau dua α-helix cov ntsiab lus ntawm txias-active enzymes tej zaum yuav tso cai rau cov proteins no yooj yim dua rau catalyzing lawv cov kev xav ntawm qhov txias txias. Cold-active enzymes kuj zoo li muaj ntau dua polar thiab tsawg dua hydrophobic amino acid cov ntsiab lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj qis dua ntawm cov nyiaj tsis muaj zog (hydrogen thiab ionic bonds) thiab tsawg dua kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv no sib sau ua ke kom ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes txias-ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cytoplasmic membranes ntawm psychrophiles zoo li muaj cov ntsiab lus siab dua ntawm unsaturated fatty acids thiab luv-chain fatty acids. Qhov no pab tswj lub xeev semifluid ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm psychrophiles rau qhov txias txias yog "Cold-shock" proteins, uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov haujlwm ntawm lwm cov proteins hauv qhov txias. Ntxiv mus, lawv tsim cryoprotectants, suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los yog cov kuab tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas pab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov dej khov uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov cytoplasmic membrane puas.
Psychrotrophs yog dab tsi?
Psychrotrophs yog cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm 0 0 C tab sis muaj qhov kub siab tshaj ntawm 20-40 0 C. Lawv feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas yog lub caij txias. Psychrotrophs muaj ntau nyob rau hauv qhov ntau tshaj li psychrophiles. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm cov av thiab dej hauv cov huab cua sov, nrog rau cov nqaij, mis nyuj thiab lwm yam khoom siv mis nyuj, cider, zaub, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo khaws cia ntawm lub tub yees txias. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias psychrotrophs loj hlob ntawm 0 0C, feem ntau tsis loj hlob zoo ntawm qhov kub ntawd.
Daim duab 01: Psychrotroph – Listeria monocytogenes
Ntau yam kab mob, Archaea, thiab microbial eukaryotes yog psychrotrophs. Cov microbes no yog cov khoom noj khoom haus loj ntawm cov khoom noj hauv tub yees. Yog li ntawd, psychrotrophs yog ib qho teeb meem loj hauv kev lag luam mis nyuj.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Psychrophiles thiab Psychrotrophs?
- Ob lub psychrophiles thiab psychrotrophs yog cov kab mob txias-hlub.
- Lawv yog extremophiles.
- Ob leeg tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm 0 0
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm ua rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cryobiosis.
Qhov txawv ntawm Psychrophiles thiab Psychrotrophs yog dab tsi?
Psychrophiles thiab psychrotrophs yog ob pawg ntawm cov kab mob khaub thuas-hlub. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm psychrophiles thiab psychrotrophs yog tias psychrophiles yog cov kab mob uas muaj qhov pom kev loj hlob ntawm 15 0 C lossis qis dua, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm 20 0 C lossis qis dua thiab qhov kev loj hlob tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 0 0 C lossis qis dua thaum psychrotrophs yog cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm 0 0 C tab sis muaj qhov zoo tshaj qhov kub ntawm 20-40 0 C. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov raug rau hauv chav tsev kub yuav tua psychrophiles thaum psychrotrophs tsis tuag ntawm chav tsev kub. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm psychrophiles thiab psychrotrophs.
Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm psychrophiles thiab psychrotrophs yog tias psychrophiles pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txias tas li, thaum psychrotrophs pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txias txias. Ntxiv mus, psychrophiles loj hlob zoo ntawm 0 0 C. Psychrotrophs kuj loj hlob ntawm 0 0 C, tab sis lawv tsis loj hlob zoo heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias li psychrophiles.
Summary – Psychrophiles vs Psychrotrophs
Psychrophiles thiab psychrotrophs yog ob hom kab mob kab mob uas loj hlob ntawm qhov txias txias. Lawv yog cov txias-hlub extremophiles. Psychrophiles muaj qhov kub siab tshaj ntawm 15 0 C lossis qis dua thaum psychrotrophs muaj qhov kub zoo ntawm 20-40 0 C. Tsis tas li ntawd, psychrophiles loj hlob zoo heev ntawm 0 0 C thaum psychrotrophs tsis loj hlob zoo ntawm 0 0 C. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm psychrophiles thiab psychrotrophs.
