Qhov txawv ntawm Bromine thiab chlorine

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm bromine thiab chlorine yog tias Bromine tsis tshua muaj zog dua li chlorine.

Halogens yog pawg VII cov ntsiab lus hauv lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no yog cov khoom siv electronegative thiab muaj peev xwm tsim tau -1 anion. Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg no suav nrog fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine thiab astatine.

Bromine yog dab tsi?

Bromine yog txhais los ntawm lub cim Br. Qhov no yog nyob rau hauv 4^th lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm chlorine thiab iodine halogens. Nws txoj kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog [Ar] 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵ Tsis tas li ntawd, tus lej atomic ntawm bromine yog 35. Nws atomic mass yog 79.904. Bromine nyob twj ywm li xim liab-xim av kua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Nws tshwm sim raws li diatomic molecule, Br_{2 Ntxiv mus, nws yog tshuaj lom, corrosive thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw.}

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm bromine nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine thiab iodine. Bromine tsis tshua muaj reactive tshaj li chlorine tab sis ntau reactive tshaj iodine. Nws tsim cov bromide ion los ntawm kev noj ib qho hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, nws koom nrog ionic compound tsim tau yooj yim. Qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, bromine tshwm sim raws li bromide ntsev es tsis txhob Br₂Muaj ob lub bromine isotopes ruaj khov. ⁷⁹Br (50.69%) thiab ^{81Br (49.31%) yog cov isotopes.}

Daim duab 01: Tus Qauv Bromine

Bromine yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej tab sis soluble zoo hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li chloroform. Nws tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev kho bromide-nplua nuj brines nrog cov roj chlorine, lossis lwm yam roj bromine tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev kho HBr nrog sulfuric acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam thiab chaw kuaj tshuaj. Bromide compounds muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li roj av additives thiab tshuaj tua kab.

Chlorine yog dab tsi?

chlorine yog ib qho khoom hauv lub sijhawm peb pom los ntawm Cl. Nws yog halogen (17^th pawg) nyob rau hauv 3^rd lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. atomic tooj ntawm chlorine yog 17; Yog li, nws muaj kaum xya protons thiab kaum xya electrons. Nws txoj kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 1 s ²2 s ² 2 p ⁶ 3s ² 3p^{5 Txij li thaum p sublevel yuav tsum muaj 6 electrons kom tau txais Argon noble gas electron configuration, chlorine muaj peev xwm nyiam ib qho hluav taws xob.}

Daim duab 02: Ib qho piv txwv ntawm chlorine

Chlorine muaj cov electronegativity siab heev, uas yog hais txog 3, raws li Pauling nplai. Ntxiv mus, atomic hnyav ntawm chlorine yog 35.453 amu. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws tshwm sim raws li ib tug diatomic molecule (Cl₂). Cl_{2 yog xim daj-ntsuab.}

Chlorine muaj qhov melting ntawm -101.5 ° C thiab kub ntawm -34.04 ° C. Ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj chlorine isotopes, Cl-35 thiab Cl-37 yog cov isotopes ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Thaum cov roj chlorine dissolves hauv dej, nws tsim hydrochloric acid thiab hypochlorous acid, uas yog acidic heev.

Chlorine muaj tag nrho cov lej oxidation txawv ntawm -1 txog +7. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug heev reactive gas. Nws tuaj yeem tso tawm bromine thiab iodine los ntawm bromide thiab iodide ntsev, feem. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm oxide cov anions ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas nyob rau hauv qab chlorine nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem oxidize fluoride kom muab fluorine. Chlorine yog tsim los ntawm electrolysis ntawm sodium chloride daws. Tom qab ntawd ntawm anode, peb tuaj yeem sau cov roj chlorine. Cov tshuaj chlorine tseem ceeb yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv dej kom huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim khoom siv ntau yam xws li zaub mov, tshuaj tua kab, xim, roj av, plastics, tshuaj, textiles, kuab tshuaj.

Qhov txawv ntawm Bromine thiab Chlorine yog dab tsi?

Bromine yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 35 thiab cim Br thaum Chlorine yog cov tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 17 thiab cim Cl. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm bromine thiab chlorine yog tias Bromine tsis tshua muaj zog dua li cov tshuaj chlorine.

Ntxiv mus, atomic masses ntawm bromine thiab chlorine yog 79.904 amu thiab 35.453 amu, raws li. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm bromine thiab chlorine yog tias bromine tshwm sim raws li cov kua xim liab-xim av ntawm chav tsev kub, thaum cov tshuaj chlorine tshwm sim los ntawm cov roj daj-ntsuab.

Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm bromine thiab chlorine hauv daim ntawv tabular.

Summary – Bromine vs Chlorine

Bromine yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj tus lej atomic 35 thiab cim Br. Chlorine yog ib yam tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 17 thiab cim Cl. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm bromine thiab chlorine yog tias Bromine tsis tshua muaj zog dua li cov tshuaj chlorine.