Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm bosons thiab fermions yog tias bosons muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug thaum fermions muaj ib nrab-tus lej spin.
Txhua qhov uas peb pom hauv qhov xwm txheej tuaj nyob rau hauv ob hom xws li bosons thiab fermions. Peb tuaj yeem faib cov khoom rau hauv ob pawg no raws li kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, peb hu nws "spin classification". Tag nrho cov hais muaj ib tug kiv los yog "intrinsic angular momentum".
Bosons yog dab tsi?
Bosons yog ib hom hais nrog integer spin. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom no tsis txwv los ntawm Pauli txoj cai cais tawm. Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia txog lub zog faib ntawm cov khoom siv no siv Bose-Einstein cov txheeb cais.
Daim duab 01: Symmetric Wave Function ntawm Bosons
Qee yam piv txwv ntawm bosons suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li photons, gluons, thiab lwm yam. Nws suav nrog ob qho tib si theem pib thiab cov khoom sib xyaw, piv txwv li mesons. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no yog tias lawv tsis txwv tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom uas nyob hauv tib lub xeev quantum. Bosons hu ua "force carriers" vim li no. Ntxiv mus, lawv ua raws li cov kua nplaum uas tuav qhov teeb meem ua ke. Ntxiv mus, yoj ua haujlwm, uas piav qhia txog kev sau ntawm bosons, yuav tsum sib luag nrog rau kev sib pauv ntawm cov khoom sib xws.
Fermions yog dab tsi?
fermions yog ib hom hais nrog ib nrab-tus lej spin. Yog li ntawd, lawv raug txwv los ntawm Pauli txoj cai cais tawm. Tsis zoo li bosons, ob lub fermions tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv tib lub xeev quantum tib lub sijhawm. Yog tias ntau lub fermions muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, ces qhov tsawg kawg ntawm txhua qhov fermion txawv ntawm ib leeg. Ntxiv mus, fermions yog cov khoom uas tsim cov teeb meem.
Daim duab 02: Antisymmetric Wave Function ntawm Fermions
Piv txwv rau fermions suav nrog electrons, protons thiab neutrons. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej num nthwv dej uas piav qhia txog kev sau ntawm fermions yuav tsum yog antisymmetric nrog rau kev sib pauv ntawm cov khoom sib xws.
Qhov txawv ntawm Bosons thiab Fermions yog dab tsi?
Bosons thiab fermions yog ob pawg ntawm cov khoom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm bosons thiab fermions yog tias bosons muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug thaum fermions muaj ib nrab-tus lej sib npaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, yoj ua haujlwm ntawm bosons yog symmetric thaum lub nthwv dej ntawm fermions yog antisymmetric.
Ntxiv mus, bosons hais tsis yog kev txwv los ntawm Pauli Txoj Cai Kev Cuam Tshuam, tab sis fermions yog. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau tib lub xeev quantum, ob lub ntsiab lus boson tuaj yeem nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tab sis fermions tsis tuaj yeem tuav tib lub xeev quantum tib lub sijhawm. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm bosons thiab fermions. Qee qhov piv txwv rau bosons muaj xws li photons, gluons, helium atoms, thiab lwm yam thaum rau fermions piv txwv xws li electrons, protons, quarks, neutrons, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no qhia ntau cov lus piav qhia txog qhov txawv ntawm bosons thiab fermions.
Summary – Bosons vs Fermions
Txhua qhov peb paub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg ua bosons thiab fermions, raws li kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm bosons thiab fermions yog tias bosons muaj integer spin, whereas fermions muaj ib nrab-integer spin.
