Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm singlet thiab triplet xeev yog tias lub xeev singlet qhia tsuas yog ib kab spectral whereas triplet state qhia tau hais tias peb zaug splitting ntawm spectral kab.
Cov nqe lus singlet thiab triplet xeev tau tham hauv quantum mechanics. Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia cov nqe lus no hais txog kev tig ntawm qhov system, piv txwv li atom. Nyob rau hauv quantum mechanics, spin tsis yog txhua yam kev sib hloov. Nws yog ib lub tswv yim uas qhia txog lub zog ntawm lub angular.
Single State yog dab tsi?
Ib lub xeev singlet yog hais txog lub kaw lus uas txhua tus electrons tau ua khub. Lub net angular momentum ntawm cov hais nyob rau hauv hom system no yog xoom. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias tag nrho cov spin quantum tooj, s yog xoom (s=0). Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias peb coj lub spectrum ntawm qhov system no, nws qhia tau hais tias ib kab spectral, thiab yog li, tau txais lub npe "singlet state". Ntxiv mus, yuav luag tag nrho cov molecules uas peb paub muaj nyob rau hauv singlet xeev, tab sis molecular oxygen yog ib qho kev zam.
Daim duab 1: Sib piv Singlet, Doublet thiab Triplet States
YRaws li piv txwv, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ua tau khi cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj lub xeev singlet yog positronium, uas muaj electron thiab positron. Ob qhov no yog khi los ntawm lawv cov hluav taws xob sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua ke ntawm lub kaw lus uas muaj lub xeev singlet muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug.
Triplet State yog dab tsi?
Triplet lub xeev ntawm lub system piav qhia tias lub kaw lus muaj ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis sib xws. Lub net angular momentum ntawm cov hais nyob rau hauv hom system no yog 1. Yog li ntawd, tus spin quantum tooj yog 1. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tso cai rau peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub angular momentum li -1, 0 thiab +1. Li no, cov kab spectral uas peb tau txais rau hom kab ke no tau faib ua peb kab, thiab yog li, tau txais lub npe triplet xeev.
Shown yog peb qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm molecular orbitals ntawm molecular oxygen, O2. Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, cov duab kos yog rau: 1Δg singlet oxygen (thawj lub xeev zoo siab), 1Σ+ g singlet oxygen (thib ob lub xeev zoo siab), thiab 3Σ− g triplet oxygen (hauv av).
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev triplet yog molecular oxygen. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, qhov no molecular oxygen muab peb zaug splitting nyob rau hauv spectral kab.
Qhov txawv ntawm Singlet thiab Triplet State yog dab tsi?
Ib lub xeev singlet yog hais txog lub kaw lus uas txhua tus electrons tau ua khub. Txawm li cas los xij, lub xeev triplet ntawm lub system piav qhia tias lub kaw lus muaj ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis sib xws. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm singlet thiab triplet xeev yog tias lub xeev singlet pom tsuas yog ib kab spectral xwb thaum lub xeev triplet qhia txog peb npaug ntawm cov kab spectral.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm singlet thiab triplet lub xeev yog tias tus lej quantum ntawm ib lub xeev singlet yog s=0 thaum nws yog s=1 rau lub xeev triplet. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav luag tag nrho cov molecules uas peb paub muaj nyob rau hauv singlet xeev tshwj tsis yog rau cov molecular oxygen. Whereas, molecular oxygen tshwm sim ntawm triplet xeev.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no-daim duab qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm singlet thiab triplet xeev.
Summary – Singlet vs Triplet State
Peb tuaj yeem sib tham txog cov nqe lus singlet xeev thiab triplet lub xeev raws li qhov tseeb txog feeb systems xws li atoms. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm singlet thiab triplet xeev yog tias lub xeev singlet qhia tsuas yog ib kab spectral xwb thaum lub xeev triplet qhia txog peb npaug ntawm cov kab spectral.
