Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov taw tes thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov taw tes yog qhov hloov pauv me me uas ib khub ntawm DNA lossis RNA hloov pauv thaum chromosomal hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv loj hauv cov qauv ntawm cov qauv. chromosome hloov.
Kev hloov pauv yog kev hloov pauv lossis hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ntu ntawm DNA lossis RNA. Kev hloov pauv yog qhov ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob. Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb somatic thiab hauv cov kab mob kab mob. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau txais los ntawm cov tiam tom ntej thaum lwm tus tsis muaj cuab yeej cuab tam. Somatic kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau lub cev tam sim no thaum cov kab mob hloov pauv mus rau lwm tiam. Point mutation thiab chromosomal mutation yog ob hom kev hloov pauv. Point mutations yog hom kev hloov pauv uas yooj yim tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho kev hloov pauv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, chromosomal mutations yog qhov hloov pauv loj me me uas cov qauv lossis tus lej ntawm chromosomes hloov pauv hauv lub cev.
Kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Point mutation yog kev hloov pauv hauv ib qho nucleotide hauv DNA lossis RNA ib ntus. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim hloov pauv, ntxig lossis tshem tawm ib khub hauv paus hauv nucleic acid. Feem ntau cov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim vim qhov tsis raug hauv DNA replication txheej txheem. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev hloov pauv tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qee qhov laj thawj xws li raug UV lossis X rays, thiab cov tshuaj carcinogenic.
Muaj ob hom kev hloov pauv raws li kev hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv hloov pauv. Thaum hloov pauv hloov pauv, pyrimidine puag yog hloov pauv rau lwm lub hauv paus pyrimidine lossis purine puag yog hloov pauv rau lwm lub hauv paus purine. Thaum hloov pauv hloov pauv, lub hauv paus purine tau hloov pauv rau pyrimidine puag lossis rov ua dua.
Daim duab 01: Point Mutation
Ntxiv rau, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom kawg, cov kev hloov pauv tau tuaj yeem ua pawg ntxiv raws li kev hloov pauv ntsiag to, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv, thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv. Cov kev hloov ntsiag to ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam amino acids thaum kawg thaum tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ua rau cov amino acids sib txawv. Yog li, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov protein nyob hauv kev hloov pauv tsis zoo tuaj yeem pom kev hloov pauv lossis poob haujlwm raws li. Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov protein ua ntej ua ntej uas ua rau tsis muaj protein ntau ua haujlwm. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam kab mob xws li cystic fibrosis, mob qog nqaij hlav ntshav ntshav, kab mob Tay-Sachs, thiab lwm yam.
Chromosomal Mutation yog dab tsi?
A chromosomal mutation yog ib hom kev hloov pauv loj. Nws hloov cov qauv ntawm chromosome los yog tag nrho cov chromosomes nyob rau hauv ib chromosome teeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim vim kev sib tw, hloov pauv, hloov pauv, lossis tshem tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm chromosome thiab tseem yog vim muaj kev ua yuam kev hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm tes xws li hla dhau, thiab tsis sib cais.
Daim duab 02: Chromosomal Mutation
Chromosomal kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau cov noob tsis sib xws nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntawm cov alleles hauv lwm cov chromosomes. Yog li ntawd, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm chromosomal mutation yog siab thaum muab piv rau qhov kev hloov pauv. Txij li thaum chromosomal hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv ib feem ntawm chromosome, nws tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau cov noob. Yog li ntawd, qhov loj ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm chromosomal hloov pauv yog qhov siab heev. Klinefelter Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, thiab Down Syndrome yog ob peb yam mob uas tshwm sim vim chromosomal hloov pauv.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Point Mutation thiab Chromosomal Mutation?
- Point mutation thiab chromosomal mutation yog ob hom kev hloov caj ces tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob nyob.
- Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, cov kab ke nucleotide hloov pauv.
- Yog li, ob hom kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Point Mutation thiab Chromosomal Mutation yog dab tsi?
Txoj kev hloov pauv yog ib qho kev hloov pauv nucleotide uas tshwm sim hauv DNA lossis RNA ib ntus thaum chromosomal hloov pauv yog cov qauv lossis cov lej hloov pauv hauv chromosomes. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab chromosomal hloov pauv. Hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus, kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv ib khub hauv paus. Tab sis hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal, kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv ib feem ntawm chromosome lossis tag nrho cov chromosomes hauv chromosomes. Yog li ntawd, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov taw tes thiab chromosomal hloov pauv.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov taw tes thiab chromosomal hloov pauv yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov taw tes yog qhov sib piv qis thaum nws siab nyob rau hauv chromosomal mutation. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxig, tshem tawm, hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam, thaum chromosomal mutations yog tshwm sim los ntawm duplication, translocation, inversions, deletion, non-disjunction ntawm chromosomes, hla dhau, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv loj. nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab chromosomal mutation. Sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington syndrome, Tay-Sachs kab mob, thiab mob qog noj ntshav yog qee yam kab mob uas tshwm sim vim qhov hloov pauv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Klinefelter Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, thiab Down Syndrome yog qee yam mob uas tshwm sim vim chromosomal hloov pauv.
Summary – Point Mutation vs Chromosomal Mutation
Point mutation yog hais txog ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv ib qho DNA lossis RNA ib ntus. Nws yog kev hloov pauv me me. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus qauv lossis tus lej hauv chromosomes ntawm lub cev. Nws yog kev hloov pauv loj heev. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm chromosomal hloov pauv yog siab vim qhov hloov pauv ntawm chromosome tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau lossis ntau cov noob. Point mutations tshwm sim vim hloov pauv, ntxig, lossis tshem tawm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev sib tw, hloov pauv, hloov pauv, tshem tawm, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm chromosomes, hla dhau, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hloov pauv thiab chromosomal mutation.
