Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Chromosomal Aberration vs Gene Mutation
Chromosomes yog cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov DNA ntev ntev. Hauv ib lub cell, muaj 46 chromosomes hauv 23 khub. Ib chromosome muaj ntau txhiab tus noob. Gene yog ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chromosome lossis cov DNA tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov kab mob caj ces los ua ke cov protein. Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb DNA ib ntus. Chromosomes thiab noob txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm tus neeg. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua kom lawv nyob twj ywm thiab meej. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj ntau yam, chromosomes thiab noob tuaj yeem hloov pauv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam kab mob. Chromosomal aberration yog qhov txawv txav ntawm tus lej chromosome thiab cov qauv uas ua rau muaj teeb meem. Gene mutation yog kev hloov pauv mus tas li ntawm DNA ntu ntawm cov noob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chromosomal aberration thiab gene mutation yog tias chromosomal aberration yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus lej chromosome lossis cov qauv thaum cov noob hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov kab ke ntawm cov noob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov noob caj noob ces. Ib qho chromosomal aberration ib txwm hais txog kev hloov pauv hauv ntu loj ntawm chromosome, muaj ntau dua ib cheeb tsam gene.
Chromosomal Aberration yog dab tsi?
Chromosomes yog cov qauv zoo li cov qauv uas muab qhov chaw rau ntau txhiab tus noob hauv daim ntawv ntawm DNA sequences. Ntau yam kab mob muaj tus lej chromosome thiab cov qauv. Tag nrho ntawm chromosomes sawv cev rau cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm ib lub cev. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb thiab cov qauv ntawm chromosome yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus lej chromosome thiab cov qauv, nws yog hu ua chromosome aberration, chromosomal anomaly, chromosomal abnormality lossis chromosome mutation. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov poob, nce lossis hloov kho ntawm ib feem ntawm chromosome los yog vim qhov ploj lawm lossis ntxiv ua tiav chromosomes. Cov chromosomal abnormalities no kuj kis mus rau tiam tom ntej (kuj).
Hom Chromosomal Aberration
Muaj plaub yam loj ntawm chromosomal aberrations hu ua deletion, duplication, inversion thiab translocation.
Deletion - Thaum ib ntu loj ntawm chromosome ploj lawm, nws yog hu ua deletion.
Duplication - Thaum ib ntu ntawm chromosome rov ua dua ob zaug, nws raug hu ua duplication.
Translocation - Thaum ib ntu ntawm chromosome raug xa mus rau hauv cov chromosome uas tsis yog homologous, nws yog hu ua translocation.
Inversion - Thaum ib ntu ntawm chromosome hloov pauv ntawm 1800 kev sib hloov, nws yog hu ua inversion.
Txhua yam kev hloov pauv no yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv chromosome thiab tag nrho cov caj ces sib npaug ntawm lub cev.
Cov lej chromosomal aberrations feem ntau tshwm sim vim qhov ua yuam kev ntawm kev faib cell tom qab meiosis lossis mitosis. Chromosomal nondisjunction yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov txawv txav ntawm cov chromosomes hauv gametes thiab cov xeeb ntxwv. Qhov xwm txheej no yog hu ua aneuploidy (muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm chromosomes). Qee gametes tau tsim nrog cov chromosomes uas ploj lawm thaum qee gametes muaj nrog chromosomes ntxiv. Ob qho tib si tsim cov xeeb ntxwv nrog ib qho txawv ntawm chromosomes. Yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov qe qe lossis cov phev, cov kab mob no kis mus rau txhua lub cell ntawm lub cev.
Chromosome anomalies tuaj yeem tshwm sim los yog tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm niam txiv. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov kev tsis txaus ntseeg no tuaj yeem tshawb pom los ntawm kev ua cov kev tshawb fawb chromosomal ntawm ob tus menyuam mos thiab niam txiv.
Daim duab 01: Chromosome Aberrations
Kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Ib noob yog ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm DNA ib ntus nyob ntawm chromosome uas encodes rau ib qho protein. Kev hloov pauv mus tas li ntawm DNA ntu ntawm cov noob yog hu ua kev hloov pauv noob. Ib qho DNA ib ntus sawv cev rau cov cim caj ces tshwj xeeb ntawm cov protein. Txawm tias ib lub hauv paus hloov pauv tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov cai ntawm cov noob, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov protein sib txawv. Lawv hu ua point mutations thiab yog hom kev hloov noob caj noob ces. Muaj peb hom kev hloov pauv uas muaj npe hu ua ntsiag to mutation, missense mutation, thiab nonsense mutation.
Gene mutations kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxig lossis tshem tawm ntawm lub hauv paus khub los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Cov kev hloov pauv no tseem ceeb heev vim lawv muaj peev xwm hloov cov qauv DNA thiab hloov cov qauv nyeem ntawv, uas txiav txim siab cov amino acid sib lawv liag ntawm cov protein.
Type of Gene Mutations
Muaj ob hom kev hloov pauv noob npe hu ua kev hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab tau txais kev hloov pauv.
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Cov kev hloov pauv no nyob hauv gametes ntawm niam txiv xws li qe qe thiab phev. Yog li ntawd, lawv raug hu ua germline mutations. Thaum ua si fertilize, zygote tau txais cov noob hloov pauv thiab kis mus rau txhua lub cell ntawm lub cev xeeb tub.
Kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv qee lub hlwb lossis qee lub sijhawm thaum tus neeg lub neej. Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig xws li UV hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab lwm yam thiab tshwm sim feem ntau hauv cov hlwb somatic. Yog li no, kev hloov pauv tau tsis dhau mus rau tiam tom ntej.
Daim duab 02: Kev hloov pauv ntawm noob vim yog UV hluav taws xob
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Chromosomal Aberration thiab Gene Mutation?
Chromosomal Aberration vs Gene Mutation |
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| Chromosomal aberration yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm tus lej thiab cov qauv ntawm chromosomes hauv lub cev. | Gene mutation yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv DNA lub hauv paus ib theem zuj zus. |
| Hloov mus rau tag nrho tus lej ntawm chromosomes | |
| Chromosomal aberration tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov chromosomes hauv ib yam kabmob | Gene mutation tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv rau tag nrho cov chromosomes hauv lub cev. |
| Chromosomal aberration tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau yam kev hloov pauv noob. | Gene mutation feem ntau hais txog ib qho kev hloov pauv noob. |
| Kev puas tsuaj | |
| Kev puas tsuaj vim yog chromosomal aberration yog qhov loj me piv rau cov noob hloov pauv. | Nucleotide kev puas tsuaj yog qhov me me piv rau chromosomal aberration. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav. |
Summary – Chromosomal Aberration vs Gene Mutation
Cov noob yog cov ntu DNA tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov kab ke tshwj xeeb hauv chromosomes. Muaj ntau txhiab tus noob hauv ib chromosome. Lub hauv paus theem ntawm cov noob tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim muaj ntau yam. Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv lub hauv paus khub kab ke ntawm cov noob yog hu ua gene mutation. Gene mutation ua rau muaj protein ntau dua li nws encodes. Chromosomal aberration yog hais txog tus lej lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomes ntawm lub cev. Cov lej abnormalities ua rau ntau yam mob syndrome nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Cov qauv aberrations feem ntau yog vim deletions, duplications, inversions thiab translocations. Ib feem loj ntawm chromosome suav nrog ntau cov noob tau hloov thaum lub sijhawm chromosomal txawv txav lossis hloov pauv. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm chromosomal aberration thiab noob mutation.
