Frameshift Mutation vs Point Mutation
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob txoj hauv kev ntawm kev hloov pauv noob yog qhov hloov pauv thiab taw tes hloov pauv. Ua ntej, kev hloov pauv yog kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv caj ces feem ntau. Cov kev hloov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ntau txoj hauv kev thiab qhov loj. Gene mutations tsuas yog cov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov kab ke nucleotide ntawm ib qho gene ntawm cov kab mob. Ob qho kev hloov pauv thiab cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv hauv cov nucleotide sib lawv liag ntawm cov noob. Txawm li cas los xij, ob hom sib txawv ntawm ib leeg rau ntau txoj hauv kev, txawm tias qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho kev hloov pauv noob; Li no, qhov sib txawv phenotype tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum kawg.
Frameshift Mutation
Raws li nws lub npe qhia, tus ncej ntawm nucleic acid tau hloov pauv thaum hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv cov noob. Ua ntej, nws yuav tsim nyog kom paub tias muaj ob hom kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hu ua kev ntxig thiab tshem tawm. Tag nrho cov no tshwm sim thaum DNA strand yog dismantled thaum DNA replication los yog protein synthesis. Thaum DNA strand tsis raug mob thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov protein, mRNA strand yog tsim, thiab DNA strand yog hloov kho raws li qhov tam sim no nucleotide sequence. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho nucleotide tshiab tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv ntu tam sim no ntawm txhua qhov chaw tsis muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, DNA strand tshiab yuav muaj ib qho ntxiv nucleotide. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum DNA rov ua dua tom qab unwinding thiab ua ntej winding nrog cov hlua tshiab. Txij li thaum cov nucleotide tau ntxiv rau qhov qub, cov DNA strand tau hloov pauv hu ua kev hloov pauv, thiab hom tshwj xeeb no hu ua kev ntxig. Ib yam li ntawd, kev tshem tawm tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias cov nucleotide tau ploj lawm thaum hloov kho DNA strand tom qab raug tshem tawm. Ob qho kev tshem tawm thiab kev ntxig ntxig ua rau tus ncej ntawm DNA strand hloov ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov. Cov hom kev hloov pauv no tseem hu ua framing yuam kev raws li tus ncej tau ua yuam kev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pom tias tus naj npawb ntawm nucleotides tau hloov pauv hauv DNA strand thaum muaj qhov yuam kev framing.
Point Mutation
Point mutation yog ib qho kev hloov pauv nyob rau hauv ib lub noob ntawm ib qho chaw. Kev sib pauv ntawm nucleotides tshwm sim raws li purine puag nrog cov purine puag lossis pyrimidine puag nrog cov pyrimidine puag. Li no, Adenine tuaj yeem hloov nrog Thymine, lossis ib ncig ntawm lwm txoj kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, Guanine tuaj yeem hloov nrog Cytosine, lossis ib ncig ntawm lwm txoj kev. Hom kev sib pauv no yog hu ua qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub hauv paus purine pauv nrog pyrimidine puag, kev hloov pauv yog hu ua kev hloov pauv. Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem lossis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau hloov pauv cov protein synthesized. Thaum qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov protein synthesized, nws yog hu ua kev hloov pauv tsis zoo, qhov kev hloov pauv uas tsis tau hais tawm yog hu ua kev hloov pauv ntsiag to. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev hloov pauv muaj peev xwm ua rau lub terminator codon, qhov twg lub teeb liab nres yuav dhau los ua ib codon ib ntus thiab cov protein synthesis yuav tsum nres nrog luv luv protein molecule. Hom kev hloov pauv no yog hu ua kev hloov pauv tsis tseem ceeb. Raws li nws zoo li, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog ob peb hom, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yog ib txwm hloov pauv hauv ib qho nucleotide. Tus naj npawb ntawm nucleotides tsis hloov, tab sis cov qauv yuav txawv; yog li ntawd, txoj haujlwm ntawm cov noob yuav hloov pauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Frameshift Mutation thiab Point Mutation yog dab tsi?
• Lub thav duab ntawm DNA strand yog hloov ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam nyob rau hauv ib tug frameshift mutation, whereas point mutations tsis hloov tus ncej ntawm DNA strand.
• Cov qauv noob thiab tus naj npawb ntawm nucleotides tau hloov pauv hauv qhov hloov pauv hloov thaum taw tes hloov pauv ua rau tsuas yog cov qauv ntawm cov noob.
• Frameshift mutations yog ob hom, tab sis taw tes hloov pauv yog ob peb hom.
