Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev siv lus Askiv yog kev hais lus yog kev kawm tshawb fawb ntawm cov qauv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus feem ntau lossis ntawm cov lus tshwj xeeb thaum siv lus Askiv yog ceg ntawm kev hais lus tsom rau kev siv tswv yim ntawm kev kawm lus.
Linguistics yog txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus thiab nws cov qauv. Nws muaj ntau ceg xws li sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, suav linguistics, dialectology, comparative linguistics, thiab structural linguistics. Applied linguistics kuj yog ib ceg ntawm linguistics, uas kawm lus raws li nws cuam tshuam rau lub neej tiag tiag.
Linguistics yog dab tsi?
Linguistics yog kev tshawb fawb txog hom lus. Nws suav nrog hom lus, hom lus lub ntsiab lus, thiab hom lus hauv cov ntsiab lus. Hauv paus, nws kawm txog hom lus tsim, nws ua haujlwm li cas thiab tib neeg siv nws li cas. Linguistics kuj tshawb txog ntau yam lus hais txog cov xwm txheej xws li kev hloov ntawm cov lus, kev nrhiav tau cov lus, hloov cov lus nyob rau lub sij hawm thiab, cov lus khaws cia thiab cov txheej txheem hauv tib neeg lub hlwb. Txawm hais tias qee tus neeg xav tias kev hais lus tsuas yog hais txog kev kawm ntawm ib hom lus, qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Linguistics cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm ntawm cov lus tshwj xeeb, nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom sib xws uas pom tau hauv txhua hom lus lossis ntau hom lus.
Muaj ntau yam subareas hauv linguistics raws li hauv qab no:
- Phonetics - kawm hais lus thiab suab
- Phonology - kawm cov qauv ntawm lub suab
- Morphology - kawm cov qauv ntawm cov lus
- Syntax - kawm cov qauv ntawm kab lus
- Semantics - kawm lub ntsiab lus tseeb
- Pragmatics – kawm lus hauv cov ntsiab lus
Daim duab 01: Loj Subareas of Linguistics
Tseem muaj ntau yam subfields hauv kev hais lus. Sociolinguistics, siv linguistics, keeb kwm linguistics, thiab neurolinguistics yog qee yam ntawm cov haujlwm no. Sociolinguistics yog kev kawm txog haiv neeg thiab lus thaum keeb kwm kev paub lus yog kev kawm txog kev hloov lus ntawm lub sijhawm. Neurolinguistics, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog kev kawm txog cov qauv hauv tib neeg lub hlwb uas ua rau cov qauv sau ntawv thiab kev sib txuas lus
Dab tsi yog Applied Linguistics?
Kev siv lus Askiv yog ib ceg ntawm kev paub lus uas tsom mus rau kev siv cov lus kawm. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws suav nrog kev siv tswv yim ntawm cov lus hais txog cov ntsiab lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog ib qho kev kawm uas txheeb xyuas, tshawb xyuas, thiab muab kev daws teeb meem rau cov teeb meem hais lus. Yog li, nws yuav pab tau cov kws txawj lus Askiv kom nkag siab txog cov teeb meem uas siv tau xws li cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws los qhia hom lus lossis dab tsi yog cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm hauv kev tsim hom lus.
Kev siv lus piav qhia suav nrog ntau qhov chaw xws li ob hom lus, ntau hom lus, kev tshuaj xyuas kev hais lus, kev qhia lus, kev nrhiav tau lus, kev npaj lus thiab txoj cai, thiab kev txhais lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv hom lus muaj feem xyuam nrog ntau yam kev kawm xws li kev kawm, kev sib txuas lus, kev coj noj coj ua, thiab kev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kev Kawm Lus Askiv thiab Kev Siv Lus Askiv?
Linguistics yog txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov qauv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus feem ntau lossis cov lus tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, kev siv linguistics yog ceg ntawm linguistics tsom mus rau kev siv tswv yim ntawm kev kawm lus. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm linguistics thiab siv hom lus. Qhov tseem ceeb, thaum qee cov ceg ntawm kev paub lus xws li keeb kwm kev paub lus thiab kev sib piv cov lus sib piv muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus, kev siv lus piav qhia muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov lus siv tswv yim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hais lus yeej tsom mus rau kev kawm tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus thiab nws cov qauv thaum siv lus Askiv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas, tshawb nrhiav, thiab muab kev daws teeb meem rau cov teeb meem hais lus. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev siv lus hais txog lawv txoj haujlwm.
Summary – Linguistics vs Applied Linguistics
Linguistics yog txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus, nws cov qauv, thiab kev loj hlob thiab koom nrog subareas xws li phonology, semantics, morphology, thiab pragmatics. Nws kuj suav nrog ntau ceg, thiab kev siv lus Askiv yog ib ceg zoo li no. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev siv hom lus yog qhov qub yog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov qauv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus feem ntau lossis ntawm cov lus tshwj xeeb thaum tom kawg yog ceg ntawm kev hais lus tsom mus rau kev siv tswv yim ntawm kev kawm lus.
