Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm homology thiab qhov zoo sib xws hauv bioinformatics yog tias homology yog hais txog cov lus hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm ob ntu thaum qhov sib xws yog hais txog qib ntawm kev nyiam ntawm ob ntu.
Bioinformatics yog ib thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas suav nrog biology, ntaub ntawv engineering, computer science, lej thiab kev txheeb cais los txheeb xyuas thiab txhais cov ntaub ntawv lom neeg. Homology thiab zoo sib xws yog ob lo lus uas peb siv nyob rau hauv bioinformatics. Peb tuaj yeem yooj yim xam qhov zoo sib xws raws li feem pua ntawm cov seem zoo sib xws dhau ntawm qhov muab qhov ntev ntawm qhov sib dhos. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tsis tuaj yeem xam homology vim nws tuaj yeem muaj tseeb lossis tsis tseeb thiab feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xav tau siv.
Homology hauv Bioinformatics yog dab tsi?
Homology hauv bioinformatics yog hais txog kev lom neeg sib txawv ntawm DNA, RNA thiab cov protein ntau uas tau hais los ntawm kev sib koom cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo evolutionary ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws yog ib tug ntau evolutionary poj koob yawm txwv ntawm ob sequences. Qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog vim qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb (orthologs), kab rov tav hloov cov txheej xwm (xenologs) lossis cov xwm txheej duplication (paralogs).
Daim duab 01: Ntau Yam Kev Sib Tw
Nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab homology ntawm DNA, RNA lossis cov proteins los ntawm lawv cov amino acid lossis nucleotide qhov sib xws. Ib qho tseem ceeb zoo sib xws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug muaj zog pov thawj khoom los infer hais tias ob sequences muaj feem xyuam rau ib tug ntau yam poj koob yawm txwv ib theem zuj zus nrog evolutionary hloov. Alignments ntawm ntau qhov sib lawv liag qhia cov cheeb tsam ntawm txhua ntu nrog homologous xwm.
Qhov Zoo sib xws hauv Bioinformatics yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv bioinformatics, zoo sib xws ntsuas qhov zoo sib xws ntawm ob proteins los yog nucleotide sequences. Muaj ob lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau txoj kev no. Thawj kauj ruam yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib raug zoo, uas yuav pab nrhiav kom pom qhov zoo sib xws ntawm ob ntu (nrog rau qhov khoob) siv cov algorithms xws li BLAST, FastA, thiab LALIGN. Tom qab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev sib raug zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txais ob qho kev ntsuas ntau los ntawm txhua qhov kev sib piv ua ke. Lawv yog tus kheej thiab zoo sib xws. Hauv BLAST, kev tshawb nrhiav zoo sib xws yog hu ua qhov zoo.
Daim duab 02: Pairwise Alignment
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tshwm sim thaum cov amino acid hloov mus rau qhov seem zoo sib xws thaum khaws cia cov khoom siv physiochemical. Piv txwv li, yog tias arginine hloov mus rau lysine nrog +1 tus nqi zoo, nws tau txais txij li ob lub amino acids zoo sib xws hauv cov cuab yeej thiab tsis hloov pauv cov protein. Li no, kev ntsuas qhov zoo sib xws yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm ob qho amino acid residues rau ib leeg.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Homology thiab Zoo sib xws hauv Bioinformatics?
- Homology thiab qhov zoo sib xws yog ob nqe lus uas peb ntsib hauv bioinformatics.
- Ntxiv mus, ob nqe lus hais txog kev tshuaj xyuas molecular ntawm cov kab ke.
Qhov txawv ntawm Homology thiab Zoo sib xws hauv Bioinformatics yog dab tsi?
Homology yog hais txog cov lus hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm poj koob yawm txwv ntawm ob ntu thaum qhov zoo sib xws yog hais txog qhov sib xws ntawm ob ntu. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm homology thiab zoo sib xws hauv bioinformatics. Tsis tas li ntawd, homology tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog vim tias nws tuaj yeem yog qhov tseeb lossis tsis tseeb thiab feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xav thaum qhov sib xws tuaj yeem suav tau yooj yim raws li feem pua ntawm cov seem zoo sib xws dhau ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov sib dhos. Li no, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm homology thiab zoo sib xws hauv bioinformatics.
Cov infographic hauv qab no teev qhov sib txawv ntawm homology thiab zoo sib xws hauv bioinformatics.
Summary – Homology vs Similarity in Bioinformatics
Hauv luv luv, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm homology thiab zoo sib xws hauv bioinformatics nyob hauv lawv cov lus txhais. Homology yog ib nqe lus hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm poj koob yawm txwv ntawm ob kab lus thaum qhov zoo sib xws yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm ob ntu. Homology tshwm sim vim orthologs, paralogs, thiab xenologs. Thaum txiav tawm qhov zoo sib xws, nws tuaj yeem siv cov algorithms xws li FastA, BLAST, thiab LALIGN. Homology tsis tuaj yeem hais qhia raws li kev suav, tab sis qhov zoo sib xws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm raws li feem pua ntawm cov seem zoo sib xws nyob rau qhov ntev ntawm qhov kev sib dhos. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm homology thiab zoo sib xws hauv bioinformatics.
