Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkali thiab lub hauv paus yog cov pab pawg 1 cov ntsiab lus tau categorized li alkali ntsiab whereas txhua lub caij lossis cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj cov khoom siv yooj yim yog categorized ua lub hauv paus.
Peb feem ntau siv lo lus alkali sib hloov los hais txog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim heev thiab alkali hlau. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, alkali raug xa mus rau cov hlau alkali ntawm pawg 1 ntawm cov lus ntu ntu ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tuaj yeem xa mus rau txhua lub ntsiab lus, molecule, ion, thiab lwm yam uas muaj cov yam ntxwv yooj yim.
Alkali yog dab tsi?
Alkali yog ib lo lus uas peb feem ntau siv rau cov hlau hauv pawg 1 ntawm lub sijhawm. Cov no tseem hu ua alkali hlau. Txawm hais tias H kuj nyob hauv pab pawg no, nws txawv me ntsis; nws muaj tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm lwm cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg no. Yog li ntawd, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs) thiab Francium (Fr) yog cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg no.
Alkali hlau yog mos, ci, xim xim hlau. Lawv txhua tus tsuas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob hauv lawv lub plhaub sab nrauv, thiab lawv nyiam tshem tawm qhov no thiab tsim +1 cations. Thaum sab nraud feem ntau cov electrons tau zoo siab, nws rov qab los rau hauv av thaum emitting hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov pom ntau yam. Lub emission ntawm no electron yog ib qho yooj yim; Yog li, alkali hlau yog heev reactive. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov reactivity nce zuj zus rau pawg 1 ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm.
Daim duab 01: Sodium hydroxide - Ib qho hydroxide ntawm alkali hlau
Cov hlau no tsim cov ionic compounds nrog lwm cov electronegative atoms. Qhov tseeb dua, lo lus alkali yog hais txog carbonate lossis hydroxide ntawm alkali hlau. Lawv kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Lawv iab hauv saj, nplua, thiab hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub, kom tsis txhob ua rau lawv.
Pab yog dab tsi?
Definition
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau txhais "paj" txawv. Arrhenius txhais tias nws yog ib yam khoom uas pub OH-ions rau cov tshuaj. Bronsted- Lowry txhais lub hauv paus ua ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem txais tau ib qho proton. Raws li Lewis, txhua tus neeg pub khoom siv hluav taws xob yog lub hauv paus. Raws li Arrhenius txhais, ib qho chaw yuav tsum muaj hydroxide anion thiab muaj peev xwm pub dawb los ua hydroxide ion los ua lub hauv paus. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Lewis thiab Bronsted- Lowry, tuaj yeem muaj cov molecules, uas tsis muaj hydroxides tab sis tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus. Piv txwv li, NH3 yog Lewis puag, vim tias nws tuaj yeem pub cov electron khub ntawm nitrogen. Ib yam li ntawd, Na2CO3 yog Bronsted- Lowry puag tsis muaj hydroxide pawg tab sis tuaj yeem txais cov hydrogens.
Properties
Bases muaj cov xab npum nplawm zoo li kev xav thiab iab saj. Lawv hnov mob yooj yim nrog cov kua qaub ua dej thiab ntsev molecules. Caustic soda, ammonia, thiab ci dej qab zib yog qee cov hauv paus. Peb tuaj yeem faib cov tshuaj no ua ob pawg, nyob ntawm seb lawv muaj peev xwm sib cais thiab tsim cov hydroxide ions. Lawv muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog hauv paus. Lub hauv paus muaj zog zoo li NaOH, KOH, tuaj yeem ua tiav ionize hauv kev daws teeb meem, muab ions. Lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog zoo li NH3 ib nrab dissociate thiab muab tsawg dua ntawm hydroxide ions.
Daim duab 02: Barium Hydroxide - Lub hauv paus ntawm Pawg 2 Element Barium
Ntxiv mus, Kb yog lub hauv paus dissociation tas li. Nws qhia tias muaj peev xwm poob hydroxide ions ntawm lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog. Txhawm rau xyuas seb cov khoom puas yog lub hauv paus lossis tsis yog peb tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov ntsuas xws li litmus ntawv lossis pH ntawv. Cov tebchaw no qhia pH tus nqi siab dua 7, thiab nws hloov liab litmus rau xiav.
Qhov txawv ntawm Alkali thiab Base yog dab tsi?
Pab pawg 1 hlau hu ua alkali, lossis ntau dua, lawv cov carbonates thiab hydroxides raug xa mus rau alkali. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj cov khoom siv yooj yim; yog li ntawd, lawv yog ib tug subset ntawm bases. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkali thiab lub hauv paus yog tias pawg 1 cov ntsiab lus tau categorized li alkali ntsiab whereas ib qho khoom lossis cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj cov khoom tseem ceeb yog categorized raws li lub hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov alkalis yog cov hauv paus, tab sis tsis yog txhua lub hauv paus yog alkalis. Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkali thiab lub hauv paus yog tias cov alkali tsim cov ntsev ionic thaum lub hauv paus tsis tas li.
Cov hauv qab no infographic ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm alkali thiab lub hauv paus qhia cov kev sib txawv no hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – Alkali vs Base
Peb feem ntau siv ob lo lus alkali thiab lub hauv paus sib hloov, tab sis lawv yog ob nqe lus sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkali thiab lub hauv paus yog tias pawg 1 cov ntsiab lus tau categorized li alkali ntsiab whereas txhua lub caij lossis cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj cov khoom siv yooj yim yog categorized ua lub hauv paus.
