Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm aldehyde thiab formaldehyde yog tias aldehyde muaj ib pawg R txuas nrog -CHO pab pawg tab sis, formaldehyde tsis muaj R pawg li lwm yam aldehydes.
Qhov sib txawv loj ntawm aldehyde thiab formaldehyde yog nyob ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov tebchaw. Ob leeg no yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj carbon, hydrogen thiab oxygen atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm carbonyl, uas yog pawg -CHO. Raws li nws lub npe implies, formaldehyde kuj yog ib daim ntawv ntawm aldehyde.
Aldehyde yog dab tsi?
Aldehydes muaj pawg carbonyl. Pawg carbonyl no khi nrog lwm cov pa roj carbon monoxide los ntawm ib sab, thiab los ntawm lwm qhov kawg, nws txuas mus rau hydrogen atom. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv ib pawg carbonyl, carbon atom tseem ceeb muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus rau oxygen. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem ua tus cwj pwm aldehydes nrog pawg -CHO, uas, cov pa atom muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov pa roj carbon atom.
Nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm aldehydes, raws li IUPAC system, peb siv lo lus "al" los qhia ib qho aldehyde. Rau aliphatic aldehydes, "e" ntawm qhov sib thooj alkane yog hloov nrog "al". Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem muab lub npe CH3CHO li ethanol, thiab CH3CH2CHO raws li propanol. Aldehydes nrog lub nplhaib tshuab, qhov twg pawg aldehyde ncaj qha mus rau lub nplhaib, peb tuaj yeem siv lo lus "carbaldehyde" los ua lub npe rau lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, C6H6CHO feem ntau hu ua benzaldehyde es tsis siv benzenecarbaldehyde.
Daim duab 01: Cov Qauv Tshuaj ntawm Aldehyde
Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov organic tebchaw los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Ib txoj hauv kev yog los ntawm thawj oxidizing cawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem ua rau lawv los ntawm kev txo cov esters, nitriles thiab acyl chlorides.
qauv
Cov carbonyl carbon atom muaj sp2 hybridization. Yog li, aldehydes muaj ib tug trigonal kev npaj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub carbonyl carbon atom. Ib pawg carbonyl yog ib pawg polar; Yog li, cov molecules no muaj cov ntsiab lus kub siab dua piv rau cov hydrocarbons uas muaj qhov hnyav tib yam.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj no tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog hydrogen bonds zoo li cawv uas ua rau cov ntsiab lus kub qis dua li cov cawv sib xws. Vim tias muaj peev xwm tsim tau hydrogen, qhov hnyav molecular aldehydes yog soluble hauv dej. Xijpeem, thaum qhov hnyav molecular nce, lawv ua hydrophobic.
Cov pa roj carbonyl carbon atom muaj ib nrab nqi zoo; yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua raws li electrophile. Yog li ntawd, cov molecules no yooj yim raug rau nucleophilic hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov hydrogens txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntawm pawg carbonyl muaj acidic xwm, uas suav nrog ntau yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm aldehydes.
Formaldehyde yog dab tsi?
Qhov yooj yim aldehyde yog formaldehyde. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv ntawm qhov sib xyaw no sib txawv los ntawm cov qauv dav dav ntawm aldehyde los ntawm kev muaj hydrogen atom es tsis yog R pawg. Yog li, formaldehyde muaj cov qauv dav dav ntawm H-CHO.
Ntxiv mus, formaldehyde yog cov roj tsis muaj xim nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, uas tseem yog nplaim taws. Nws lub npe IUPAC yog methanal, nrog lub ntsiab lus -al, uas qhia tau hais tias nws yog ib qho aldehyde. Cov tshuaj no muaj ntxhiab tsw muaj zog, thiab nws muaj tshuaj lom heev rau tib neeg lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws ib txwm tsim hauv lub cev raws li cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov metabolism hauv txoj kev. Piv txwv li, methanol tawg hauv daim siab tsim cov formaldehyde. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem sau rau hauv vim nws hloov mus rau hauv formic acid sai.
Daim duab 02: Formaldehyde Chemical Structure
Tsis tas li, formaldehyde tsim ib txwm nyob hauv huab cua thaum cov pa oxygen, methane, thiab lwm yam hydrocarbons cuam tshuam ua ke hauv qab hnub ci. Formaldehyde muaj ntau yam siv los ua cov tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob, chiv, tsheb, ntawv, tshuaj pleev ib ce, kev txuag ntoo, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Aldehyde thiab formaldehyde yog dab tsi?
Formaldehyde yog daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm aldehydes. Tab sis, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm aldehyde thiab formaldehyde yog tias aldehydes muaj ib pawg R txuas nrog -CHO pab pawg tab sis, formaldehyde tsis muaj R pawg li lwm cov aldehydes. Yog li, cov tshuaj formula ntawm aldehydes yog R-CHO, tab sis rau formaldehyde, nws yog H-CHO.
Raws li lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm aldehyde thiab formaldehyde, peb tuaj yeem siv cov theem ntawm cov teeb meem uas lawv muaj nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab siab; aldehydes tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv theem gaseous lossis kua theem thaum formaldehyde tshwm sim hauv theem gaseous. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov yooj yim pom qhov sib txawv ntawm aldehyde thiab formaldehyde yog lawv cov ntxhiab tsw. Qhov ntawd yog; Feem ntau ntawm cov aldehydes muaj cov ntxhiab tsw qab ntxiag tab sis, cov formaldehyde muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab.
Summary – Aldehyde vs Formaldehyde
Aldehydes yog cov organic tebchaw. Formaldehyde yog qhov yooj yim aldehyde. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm aldehyde thiab formaldehyde yog tias aldehyde muaj ib pawg R txuas nrog -CHO pab pawg tab sis, formaldehyde tsis muaj R pawg li lwm cov aldehydes.
