Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub yog cov ntsiab lus acid piav qhia cov tshuaj sib txuas uas tuaj yeem ionize hauv dej kom tso cov hydrogen ions thaum lub sij hawm acidic yog hais txog lub peev xwm tso tawm hydrogen ions.
Acids yog cov khoom muaj pH tsawg dua 7 thiab lawv hnov mob nrog hlau thiab hauv paus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm acids yog tias lawv saj qaub. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus acidic yog ib qho lus uas peb siv los piav txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau cov kua qaub.
Acid yog dab tsi?
Acid yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem tso cov hydrogen ions hauv dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua qaub muaj pH tsawg dua 7, thiab lawv kuj muaj qaub saj. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj peb pawg loj ntawm cov kua qaub. Namely, lawv yog cov muaj zog acids, nruab nrab muaj zog acids thiab tsis muaj zog acids. Cov kua qaub muaj zog ua kom tiav ionizes kom tso tawm tag nrho cov hydrogen ions mus rau cov tshuaj aqueous whereas tsis muaj zog acid ib nrab ionizes.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob pawg dav ntawm cov kua qaub. Namely, lawv yog Brønsted thiab Lewis acids. Brønsted acids yog cov proton pub. Hauv cov tshuaj aqueous, lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov hydronium ions (H 3 O+) los ntawm kev pub ib qho proton (H+) rau cov dej molecule (H2O). Lewis acids yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus nrog ib khub electron.
Daim duab 01: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm HCl Acid thiab NH4OH Base
Peb tuaj yeem ntsuas cov kua qaub zog ntawm cov kua qaub los ntawm cov kua qaub dissociation tas li lossis KaQhov no muab ntau npaum li cas cov kua qaub dissociates rau hauv nws cov ions. Rau qhov dissociation ntawm HA acid rau hauv H+ thiab A– ions, peb tuaj yeem sau qhov sib npaug los txiav txim siab K atus nqi raws li nram no:
Ka=[H+][A–] / [HA]
Lub hauv paus tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua qaub. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov kua qaub thiab lub hauv paus muab ntsev thiab dej. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm HCl acid thiab NaOH puag muab NaCl ntsev thiab dej molecule.
Acidic yog dab tsi?
Lub sij hawm acidic yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev piav qhia cov khoom ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau cov kua qaub. Los yog lwm yam, peb tuaj yeem siv nws los qhia txog qhov muaj kua qaub. Qee zaum, peb siv lo lus no los muab lub tswv yim txog pH ntawm kev daws raws li pH<7 (pH qis dua 7).
Daim duab 02: pH Scale rau Acid thiab Alkaline Substances
Piv txwv li, cov khoom noj khoom haus hu ua alkaline lossis acidic nyob ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los tsim cov hmoov tshauv los yog acidic hauv plab tom qab lawv zom mov. Nws yog vim li cas peb faib cov zaub mov ua alkaline lossis acidic, thiab cov kws kho mob qhia peb kom suav nrog ntau thiab ntau cov khoom noj alkaline hauv peb cov zaub mov. Thaum peb noj cov zaub mov, lawv oxidize nyob rau hauv lub cev, thiab tom qab digestion, lawv tawm ib tug residue los yog tshauv. Yog tias qhov seem no muaj cov zaub mov xws li sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, thiab cov organic acid radicals ntau dua li sodium, potassium, calcium thiab magnesium, cov khoom noj tau hu ua awe categorize cov zaub mov raws li acidic. Hauv qhov sib piv, qhov kev sib tham ntawm qhov tshwm sim no kuj muaj tseeb, thiab cov khoom noj tau raug hu ua alkaline.
Qhov txawv ntawm Acid thiab Acid yog dab tsi?
Ib qho kua qaub yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem tso cov hydrogen ions hauv dej thaum lub sij hawm acidic yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev piav qhia cov khoom ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau cov kua qaub. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm acidic thiab acidic. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub sij hawm acid yog pab tau nyob rau hauv naming ib tug tshuaj compound thaum lub sij hawm acidic yog pab tau los piav txog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug acid.
Summary – Acid vs Acidic
Lub sij hawm acidic muab los ntawm lub npe acid. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub yog cov ntsiab lus acid piav qhia cov tshuaj sib txuas uas tuaj yeem ionize hauv dej kom tso cov hydrogen ions thaum lub sij hawm acidic hais txog lub peev xwm tso tawm hydrogen ions.
