Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog acid yog cov acids tsis muaj zog ionize ib nrab hauv dej whereas muaj zog acids ionize tag nrho.
Lub zog ntawm cov kua qaub yog nws lub peev xwm los ionize los yog pub cov hydrogen ion nyob rau hauv ib qho aqueous tov reacting nrog dej. Qhov ntau cov kua qaub ionizes, nws muaj zog dua, thiab tsawg dua ntawm hydrogen ions qhia tias tsis muaj zog acid. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog acid. Qhov concentration ntawm ions nyob rau hauv cov kua aqueous ntawm cov kua qaub qhia tias nws muaj zog lossis qaug zog npaum li cas. Yog li ntawd, koj muaj peev xwm muaj ib tug concentrated tov ntawm ib tug qaug zog acid, thiab nws yog zoo kawg nkaus ua tau kom muaj ib tug dilute tov ntawm ib tug muaj zog acid.
Tsis muaj zog Acid yog dab tsi?
Tsis muaj kua qaub yog hais txog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas ib nrab dissociates rau hauv ions hauv cov tshuaj aqueous. Lawv tsis tso tag nrho cov nyiaj tso tawm hydrogen ions (H+) rau hauv cov tshuaj. Rau cov kua qaub no, cov kua qaub dissociation tas li los yog Ka yog tus nqi me me. Cov pH ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem no nyob ib ncig ntawm 3 txog 5. Feem ntau, qhov no yog vim cov acids tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem nce cov ntsiab lus hydrogen ion hauv cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cov kua qaub muaj zog.
Daim duab 01: Daim duab tsis muaj zog Acid speciation Diagram (rau cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog HA)
Vim tias cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog cuam tshuam ib nrab, cov tshuaj aqueous muaj peb yam tseem ceeb; hydrogen ions, unionized acid molecules thiab lub hauv paus conjugated (anion khi rau hydrogen ion nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub molecule). Qee qhov piv txwv xws li sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, nitrous acid, thiab lwm yam.
Hlub Acid yog dab tsi?
Cov kua qaub muaj zog yog hais txog cov molecules uas ua tiav rau hauv ions hauv cov tshuaj aqueous. Yog li ntawd, cov tebchaw no kiag li ionize hauv dej. Tus nqi ntawm cov kua qaub dissociation tas li los yog Ka yog tus nqi siab rau cov kua qaub no. Muaj zog cov kua qaub, yooj yim tso tawm ntawm hydrogen ions. Feem ntau, qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov siab polarity ntawm H-A daim ntawv cog lus uas H yog hydrogen atom, thiab A yog lub hauv paus conjugate. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj polar siab heev, qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv txhua sab ntawm daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum siab.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm lub zog Acid HNO3 (Nitric Acid)
Ntxiv mus, qhov kev tso tawm hydrogen ion no tseem nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov anion (conjugated puag) uas cov hydrogen ion txuas nrog. Yog tias cov anion loj thiab ruaj khov dua, nws tuaj yeem tso tawm cov hydrogen ion yooj yim. Tsis zoo li cov acids tsis muaj zog, cov kua qaub no tso tawm tag nrho cov hydrogen ions mus rau cov kua dej. Tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj aqueous no tsawg heev; tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 1 txog 3.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qaug zog thiab muaj zog acid?
Tsis muaj zog acids ionize ib nrab hauv dej whereas muaj zog acids ionize tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, ionization yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog acid yog tias cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog tsis tshem tawm tag nrho cov atoms hydrogen tso tawm. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj zog acid tso tawm tag nrho cov hydrogen atoms.
Dhau li ntawd, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog acid raws li lawv tus nqi pH ib yam nkaus. Qhov ntawd yog; pH tus nqi ntawm cov acids tsis muaj zog yog li ntawm 3 mus rau 5 thaum muaj zog acids nyob ntawm 1 txog 3. Tsis tas li ntawd, acid dissociation tas li ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog. Acid dissociation tas li ntawm qaug zog acid yog me me piv rau muaj zog acid.
Summary – Tsis muaj zog vs Strong Acid
Acids yog cov molecules uas tuaj yeem tso cov hydrogen ions mus rau cov kua dej. Peb tuaj yeem faib tag nrho cov kua qaub li cov kua qaub uas muaj zog, muaj zog acids thiab tsis muaj zog acids. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog acids yog cov uas tsis muaj zog acids ionize ib feem nyob rau hauv dej whereas muaj zog acids ionize kiag li.
