Nruab vs Weak Acids vs Bases
Acids tau txhais ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Arrhenius txhais cov kua qaub ua ib yam khoom uas pub H3O+ ions hauv cov tshuaj, whereas base yog ib yam khoom uas pub OH – ions rau cov tshuaj. Bronsted- Lowry txhais cov kua qaub ua ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem pub cov proton thiab lub hauv paus ua ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem txais tau proton. Lewis acid txhais tau ntau dua li ob qho saum toj no. Raws li nws, txhua tus khub electron txais yog cov kua qaub thiab tus neeg pub dawb yog lub hauv paus. Raws li Arrhenius txhais, ib qho chaw yuav tsum muaj hydroxide anion thiab muaj peev xwm pub dawb los ua hydroxide ion los ua lub hauv paus. Raws li Lewis thiab Bronsted- Lowry, tuaj yeem muaj cov molecules, uas tsis muaj hydroxides, tab sis tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus. Piv txwv li, NH3 yog Lewis puag, vim tias nws tuaj yeem pub cov electron khub ntawm nitrogen. Na2CO3 yog Bronsted- Lowry puag tsis muaj hydroxide pawg, tab sis muaj peev xwm txais hydrogens.
Muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog
Txawm hais tias tsis hais cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, peb ib txwm txheeb xyuas cov kua qaub ua tus pub dawb proton. Acids muaj qaub saj. Cov kua txiv qaub thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ob qho acids uas peb tuaj nyob hauv peb lub tsev. Lawv hnov mob nrog cov hauv paus ua dej thiab hnov mob nrog hlau ua H 2, yog li nce hlau corrosion. Cov kua qaub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob, raws li lawv lub peev xwm los sib cais thiab tsim cov protons. Cov acids muaj zog xws li HCl, HNO 3 yog ionized tag nrho hauv cov tshuaj, muab cov protons. Cov acids tsis muaj zog xws li CH3COOH yog ib feem dissociates thiab muab tsawg dua ntawm cov protons.
Ka yog cov kua qaub dissociation tas li. Nws muab ib qho kev qhia txog lub peev xwm los poob ib tug proton ntawm ib tug qaug zog acid. Txhawm rau xyuas seb cov khoom puas yog cov kua qaub lossis tsis yog, peb tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov ntsuas xws li litmus ntawv lossis pH ntawv. Hauv pH nplai, los ntawm 1-6 acids yog sawv cev. Cov kua qaub nrog pH 1 tau hais tias muaj zog heev, thiab raws li tus nqi pH nce, acidity poob qis.
Muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog
Bases muaj cov xab npum nplawm zoo li kev xav thiab iab saj. Lawv hnov mob yooj yim nrog cov kua qaub ua dej thiab ntsev molecules. Caustic soda, ammonia, thiab ci dej qab zib yog qee yam ntawm cov hauv paus uas peb tuaj hla ntau zaus. Cov hauv paus tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob, raws li lawv lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam thiab tsim cov hydroxide ions. Lub hauv paus muaj zog zoo li NaOH thiab KOH yog tag nrho ionized hauv kev daws teeb meem, muab ions. Cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog xws li NH3 yog ib feem ntawm kev sib cais thiab muab cov hydroxide ions tsawg dua.
Kb is the base dissociation constant. Nws muab ib qho kev qhia txog lub peev xwm poob hydroxide ions ntawm lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog. Cov kua qaub uas muaj pKa tus nqi (ntau tshaj 13) yog cov acids tsis muaj zog, tab sis lawv cov conjugate bases suav tias yog cov hauv paus muaj zog. Txhawm rau xyuas seb cov khoom puas yog lub hauv paus lossis tsis yog peb tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov ntsuas xws li litmus ntawv lossis pH ntawv. Bases qhia pH tus nqi siab dua 7, thiab nws hloov liab litmus rau xiav.
Qhov txawv ntawm Strong thiab Weak Acids thiab Bases yog dab tsi?
• Acids muaj pH qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1 txog 7. Cov kua qaub muaj zog nyob ze rau 1, thiab cov acids tsis muaj zog nyob ze rau 7. Bases muaj pH qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 7 txog 14. Cov hauv paus muaj zog yog ze rau 14, thiab cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog. nyob ze rau 7.
• Cov kua qaub muaj zog thiab cov hauv paus muaj zog tuaj yeem ua kom cov ntsev thiab dej.
• Cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog tsis hnov tsw kiag li vim lawv tsis sib cais kiag li.
