Intensive Properties vs Extensive Properties
Yuav luag txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig peb tuaj yeem ua qhov teeb meem. Peb tuaj yeem txhais qhov teeb meem raws li cov khoom, uas muaj cov atoms thiab molecules, thiab muaj qhov loj thiab ntim. Feem ntau, peb faib lawv ua plaub chav kawm xws li khoom, kua, roj thiab plasma. Cov khoom muaj cov duab meej thiab ntim (muaj qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev teeb tsa). Cov atoms lossis molecules ntawm cov khoom yog nruj nreem khi, thiab muaj qhov chaw tsawg heev ntawm lawv piv rau lwm yam teeb meem. Gas occupies qhov chaw muab thiab acquires nws ntim. Cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov atoms lossis molecules hauv cov pa roj yog qhov tsis muaj zog heev. Gases yog yooj yim compressible thiab expandable. Cov kua muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom thiab cov pa roj. Plasma yog tsim los ntawm cov teeb meem ionized. Matter nthuav tawm ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab zoo. Loj, ntim, ntom, hnyav tuaj yeem raug coj los ua cov khoom zoo; saj thiab tsw tuaj yeem coj los ua kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm ib qho teeb meem. Lub cev lub cev ntawm cov teeb meem tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob yam ua haujlwm hnyav thiab dav, thiab lawv yog lub luag haujlwm hauv xeev.
Cov Khoom Muaj Zog
Intensive properties yog cov khoom uas tsis nyob ntawm seb qhov teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, thaum qee tus nqi ntawm cov qauv raug tshem tawm tus nqi tsis hloov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov taw tes mus rau taw tes. Kub, boiling point, melting point, siab, ceev, tshav kub muaj peev xwm, hluav taws xob conductivity, thiab viscosity yog ib co piv txwv rau intensive zog. Feem ntau, cov khoom no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom muab; yog li ntawd, cov no tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov khoom sib txawv. Cov dej kub npau npau yog 100 o C, thiab qhov kub ntawm ethanol yog 78 o C. Cov txiaj ntsig no yog yam ntxwv rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov dej los yog ethanol raug coj mus, lub melting point yog tib yam. Qhov kub ntawm lub tsev yuav hloov ntawm ib qho chaw mus rau lwm qhov. Qhov ntom ntawm cov cua kuj hloov ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hnyav kuj tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog txhua yam cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem muaj nyob ntawm qhov chaw hauv qhov chaw. Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv. Thiab qhov no yog ib txwm muab nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev loj hauv paus. Piv txwv li, qhov ntim tshwj xeeb yog ntim ntawm 1 g ntawm cov khoom. Yog li, nws cov units yog cubic millimeters ib gram. Ib yam li ntawd, tuaj yeem muaj lwm yam khoom tshwj xeeb rau ib qho teeb meem, uas kuj yog cov khoom siv hnyav.
Extensive Properties
Ntau yam khoom yog cov khoom uas nyob ntawm qhov loj lossis qhov teeb meem. Loj, ntim, thiab ntev yog qee qhov piv txwv rau cov khoom siv dav. Piv txwv li, yog tias txhua qhov ntev ntawm ib lub voos xwmfab tau nce, nws qhov ntim yuav nce ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov teeb meem nce hauv lub voos xwmfab; yog li ntawd, nws pawg kuj yuav nce ntxiv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Loj thiab Cov Khoom Siv Ntau Yam Dab Tsi?
• Cov khoom hnyav tsis nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem, tab sis cov khoom siv dav nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg qhov teeb meem tam sim no.
• Kub, boiling point, melting point, siab, ceev, tshav kub muaj peev xwm, hluav taws xob conductivity, thiab viscosity yog ib co piv txwv rau intensive zog. Loj, ntim, thiab ntev yog piv txwv rau cov khoom uas nws kim heev.
