Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA qauv yog tias DNA qauv yog ob chav helix tsim los ntawm ob qho kev sib txuas ntxiv thaum RNA qauv yog ib leeg-stranded.
Nucleic acids yog macromolecules lossis biopolymers. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog lub tsev thaiv cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cev. Lawv muaj cov nucleotide chains txuas ntawm phosphodiester bonds ntawm 5′ phosphate pawg ntawm ib nucleotide thiab 3′-OH pawg ntawm cov nucleotide uas nyob ib sab. Raws li, muaj ob hom nucleic acids uas yog deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) thiab ribonucleic acid (RNA) uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Lub nucleotide yog lub hauv paus ntawm nucleic acids. Raws li, deoxyribonucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm DNA thaum lub ribonucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm RNA. Raws li txoj cai, muaj peb yam khoom hauv ib qho nucleotide. Lawv yog cov qab zib pentose, phosphate pawg thiab nitrogenous puag. Cov khoom no txawv ntawm ob hom nucleic acids loj. DNA muaj deoxyribose qab zib whereas RNA muaj ribose qab zib.
DNA Structure yog dab tsi?
Deoxyribonucleic acid yog cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm txhua tus eukaryotes thiab qee cov prokaryotes. Yog li, nws muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los uas xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm lub cev. Raws li txoj cai, DNA yog ib qho polymer ntawm deoxyribonucleotide monomers. Deoxyribonucleotide muaj peb yam; Deoxyribose qab zib, ib tug nitrogenous puag (adenine, guanine, cytosine thiab thymine) thiab ib pawg phosphate.
Daim duab 01: DNA Structure
Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA molecules muaj nyob ua ob txoj hlua khi ua los ntawm ob lub DNA ntxiv, tsis zoo li RNA. Hydrogen bonds txuas ob txoj hlua no. Ntawm no, hydrogen bonds tshwm sim ntawm nitrogenous bases. Adenine txuas nrog thymine los ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus hydrogen thaum cytosine khi nrog guanine los ntawm peb daim ntawv cog lus hydrogen. Hauv DNA helix, phosphate thiab qab zib moieties nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub helix thaum lub hauv paus tseem nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub helix. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob txoj kab ntawm DNA khiav nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA molecules nruj coil nrog cov proteins histone thiab ua cov xov zoo li cov qauv hu ua chromosomes hauv eukaryotes.
RNA Structure yog dab tsi?
Ribonucleic acid lossis RNA yog hom thib ob ntawm nucleic acid tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob. RNA tsis yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov chromosomes. Lawv tau muab los ntawm DNA thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm cov noob los tsim cov proteins. Cov ntaub ntawv caj ces muab zais rau hauv DNA molecule hloov mus rau hauv mRNA molecule los ntawm kev hloov pauv. Li no, nws yog cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv molecule.
Daim duab 02: RNA Structure
Thaum daim ntawv sau ua tiav, mRNA molecule tawm hauv lub nucleus thiab nkag mus rau hauv cytoplasm rau kev txhais lus. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev no, nws yields ib tug protein. Tsis tas li ntawd, RNA, rau feem ntau, muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho strand, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau yam qauv vim yog qhov sib txuam ua ke hauv ib qho strand.
Dhau li ntawd, RNA tsim ribonucleotides, uas yog monomers ntawm RNA. Ribonucleotides muaj cov suab thaj ribose, ib pawg phosphate thiab nitrogenous puag. Plaub lub hauv paus nitrogenous tam sim no hauv RNA yog adenine, uracil, cytosine thiab guanine.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm DNA thiab RNA Structure?
- DNA thiab RNA yog nucleic acids.
- Ob leeg yog cov polymers ua los ntawm nucleotides.
- Tsis tas li, ob qho tib si lawv cov nucleotides muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws nrog qhov sib txawv me ntsis.
- Ntxiv mus, cov nucleotides ntawm txhua nucleic acid muaj ob qhov sib txawv purine bases thiab pyrimidine bases.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ob leeg muaj cov piam thaj pentose thiab phosphate pawg.
Qhov txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA Structure yog dab tsi?
DNA thiab RNA yog ob hom nucleic acids uas muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. DNA muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm eukaryotes thaum RNA muaj nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Qhov sib txawv loj ntawm DNA thiab RNA qauv yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov monomers. Deoxyribonucleotide yog lub hauv paus chav tsev ntawm DNA thaum ribonucleotide yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm RNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA muaj thymine thaum RNA muaj uracil es tsis txhob thymine. Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA qauv yog DNA muaj nyob rau hauv ob-stranded molecule thaum RNA tshwm sim raws li ib leeg-stranded molecule.
Cov hauv qab no qhia cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA qauv.
Summary – DNA vs RNA Structure
Txawm tias lawv muaj cov qauv tsim thiab ua haujlwm sib txawv, ob qho tib si molecules yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov protein. DNA ua raws li lub hauv paus molecule ntawm transcription whereas RNA tsim lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev txhais lus. Nucleotides sib txawv hauv ob hom nucleic acids. Deoxyribonucleotides yog cov monomers ntawm DNA thaum ribonucleotides yog monomers ntawm RNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, uracil muaj nyob hauv RNA thaum thymine muaj nyob hauv DNA. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA qauv yog tias DNA muaj nyob ua ob txoj hlua khi thaum lub RNA yog ib qho molecule.
