Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab hlau yog cov hlau yog cov khoom ntshiab thaum cov hlau yog sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov sib xyaw.
Peb tuaj yeem faib tag nrho cov khoom rau hauv cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau raws li qee yam ntxwv. Hlau muaj ib tug lustre, thiab lawv yog cov zoo conductors ntawm tshav kub thiab hluav taws xob. Thaum peb polishing hlau, lawv kuj yog zoo reflectors ntawm lub teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog hlau xwb tab sis kuj yog lawv cov khoom sib tov, uas yog alloys, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau noob neej. Rau ib tug txiv neej, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab hlau, tab sis muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob, thiab peb yuav qhia rau lawv hauv kab lus no.
Hlau yog dab tsi?
Hlau yog cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom siv hlau. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias, cov hlau muaj qhov ci ntsa iab thiab yog cov khoom zoo ntawm cov cua sov thiab hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias peb polish qhov saum npoo, lawv kuj yog cov zoo reflectors ntawm lub teeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov hlau yog ductile thiab malleable. Ntxiv mus, lawv yog cov denser tshaj cov non-metals. Feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm, cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ntau dua ntom thiab melting thiab boiling cov ntsiab lus. Lub malleability thiab ductility ntawm hlau ua rau lawv deform nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab yam tsis muaj cleaving.
Daim duab 01: Hlau yog ib qho tseem ceeb hlau
Dhau li ntawm, muaj peb lub qauv siv lead ua loj uas hlau tuaj yeem muaj;
- Lub cev-centred cubic qauv
- Face-centred cubic structure
- Hexagonal ze packed qauv
Tshaj tawm tag nrho cov no, cov hlau nyiam tsim cations. Lawv tsim cations los ntawm poob electrons los ntawm lawv cov atomic orbitals sab nraud. Yog li, feem ntau ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem tsim oxides nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog oxygen hauv huab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee cov hlau uas tsis hnov mob nrog huab cua vim lawv qhov ruaj khov siab.
Alloy yog dab tsi?
Alloy yog ib yam khoom uas muaj ob lossis ntau qhov sib xyaw nrog hlau. Yog li ntawd, nws kuj muaj cov khoom siv hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho alloy tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib xyaw ruaj khov lossis cov khoom sib txawv. Saib ntawm lub hom phiaj, peb ua cov alloys txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov hlau lossis muab cov hlau nrog cov khoom tshiab. Feem ntau, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov alloys yog ua kom lawv tsis tshua muaj nkig, nyuaj, resistant rau corrosion, los yog muaj ntau yam xim thiab lustre. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm hloov cov khoom ntawm cov hlau kom haum rau ib tus neeg yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv lossis cov khoom siv alloying.
Lo lus alloying tau los hais txog cov txheej txheem uas ua rau kev tsim cov alloys. Tau ntau pua xyoo, tib neeg siv hlau, xav tias nws muaj zog heev. Tab sis, nws yog qhov tsim ntawm steel; nws cov alloy, uas tau muab lub ntiaj teb ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv muaj zog tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob hom hlau loj uas hloov pauv cov alloys thiab interstitial alloys.
Daim duab 02: Ntau hom Alloys
Saib cov piv txwv ntawm cov hlau; Nws yog cov hlau uas feem ntau yog hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon me ntsis, nws qhov feem pua nws txawv ntawm 0.2% mus rau 2% nyob ntawm qib ntawm alloy. Peb paub txog lub zog thiab kav ntev ntawm cov hlau, uas yog ntau tshaj li hlau uas yog softer dua hlau. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseeb tias los ntawm kev sib tsoo, peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua, thiab qhov tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov khoom uas tsis yog cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, hlau yog ib qho hlau uas ua rau ntau cov hlau tsis yog hlau nrog cov khoom xws li manganese, chromium, vanadium, thiab tungsten thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hlau thiab Alloy yog dab tsi?
Hlau yog cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom siv hlau thaum alloy yog cov khoom uas muaj ob lossis ntau qhov sib xyaw nrog hlau. Li no, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab alloy. Ntxiv mus, cov hlau yog cov khoom ntshiab tshwj tsis yog tias lawv tsis hnov mob nrog huab cua thiab dej, tab sis alloy yog ib txwm sib tov ntawm ob lossis ntau yam khoom. Yog li ntawd, hlau yog ib yam khoom ntuj thaum alloy yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm tib neeg. Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab hlau yog tias, tsis zoo li cov hlau ntshiab, cov hlau tsis yooj yim cuam tshuam cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog huab cua thiab dej, uas yog vim li cas peb nyiam siv cov alloys hauv tsheb log es tsis yog cov hlau ntshiab.
Summary – Hlau vs Alloy
Hlau yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas peb siv hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub. Alloy yog ib tug subcategory ntawm hlau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab hlau yog tias cov hlau yog cov khoom ntshiab thaum cov hlau yog sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov sib xyaw.
