Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electrovalency thiab covalency yog qhov electrovalency yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas lub atom tau nce lossis poob hauv kev tsim cov ion whereas covalency yog cov xov tooj ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas lub atom tuaj yeem sib koom nrog lwm lub atom.
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus electrovalency thiab covalency suab zoo sib xws, lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li lawv cov lus txhais. Feem ntau, cov electrovalency piav qhia txog kev tsim ntawm ib qho ion whereas covalency piav qhia txog kev tsim ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus.
Electrovalency yog dab tsi?
Electrovalency yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob tau txais lossis ploj thaum tsim cov ion los ntawm lub atom. Yog li ntawd, nws yog hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons uas ib tug atom yog nce los yog poob thaum tsim ib tug electrovalent daim ntawv cog lus, peb hu nws ib tug ionic daim ntawv cog lus. Raws li qhov kev piav qhia no, nws muab cov nqi hluav taws xob rau ntawm ib qho ion. Ntxiv mus, yog tias ib lub atom poob electrons thaum tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic qhia tau hais tias ib qho zoo electrovalency thaum lub atom tau txais electrons thaum tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic, nws qhia tau tias lub atom muaj qhov tsis zoo electrovalency. Cov tebchaw nrog atoms uas muaj electrovalency yog ionic compounds.
Daim duab 01: Tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus Ionic
Piv txwv li, cia peb xav txog qhov tsim ntawm sodium chloride (NaCl). Nyob ntawd, sodium atom poob ib lub electron; yog li nws muaj qhov zoo electrovalency. Cov chlorine atom tau txais cov electron. Yog li, nws muaj qhov tsis zoo electrovalency. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas ploj los yog tau txais yog ib qho, electrovalency ntawm sodium (los yog chlorine) yog ib qho. Peb yuav tsum muab cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog lub siab zoo txhawm rau qhia seb nws puas yog qhov zoo lossis tsis zoo electrovalency.
- Sodium=zoo electrovalency sodium tuaj yeem muab tau li +1.
- Chlorine=tsis zoo electrovalency ntawm chlorine muab tau raws li -1.
Covalency yog dab tsi?
Covalency yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas nws tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm lub atom. Yog li ntawd, nws qhia qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus uas lub atom tuaj yeem tsim siv nws qhov khoob khoob. Tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm valence electrons ntawm ib lub atom thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoob orbitals tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib lub atom.
Piv txwv li, hydrogen atom tsuas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob xwb; Yog li, nws tuaj yeem faib ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lwm lub atom. Yog li ntawd, covalency ntawm hydrogen yog 1. Tsis zoo li hauv electrovalency, peb tsis xav tau cov cim ntxiv lossis rho tawm vim tsis muaj qhov poob lossis nce ntawm electrons; tsuas yog cov electrons raug muab faib rau ib leeg.
Daim duab 02: Tsim Covalent Bond
Raws li peb tau hais los saum toj no, tsis yog tus naj npawb ntawm valence electrons nkaus xwb tab sis kuj muaj cov naj npawb ntawm qhov khoob ntawm lub atom yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab covalency. Piv txwv li, yog tias peb xav txog carbon ua piv txwv, nws muaj 4 electrons nyob rau hauv lub sab nrauv electron plhaub. Nyob ntawd, nws muaj 2s22p2 electron configuration. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib qho khoob 2p orbital. Yog li ntawd, ob tug khub electrons hauv 2s orbital tuaj yeem sib cais, thiab ib qho hluav taws xob tau suav nrog hauv qhov khoob 2p orbital. Tom qab ntawd muaj 4 qhov tsis sib xws ntawm electrons. Carbon tuaj yeem faib tag nrho plaub lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lwm lub atom. Li no, covalency ntawm ua 4. Qhov no yog vim thaum peb sau cov electron configuration ntawm carbon, peb pom muaj tsuas yog 2 unpaired electrons, yog li ntawd peb xav tias covalency ntawm carbon yog 2 thaum tiag tiag nws yog 4.
Qhov txawv ntawm Electrovalency thiab Covalency yog dab tsi?
Electrovalency yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob tau txais lossis ploj thaum tsim cov ion los ntawm lub atom. Nws piav qhia txog kev tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic. Ntxiv mus, cov tebchaw uas muaj atoms nrog qhov ntsuas no yog ionic compounds. Covalency, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas nws tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm lub atom. Nws piav qhia txog kev tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus covalent. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tebchaw muaj atoms nrog covalency yog covalent compounds.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm electrovalency thiab covalency hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Electrovalency vs Covalency
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus electrovalency thiab covalency suab zoo ib yam, lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus txawv thiab cov yam ntxwv. Qhov sib txawv ntawm electrovalency thiab covalency yog qhov electrovalency yog tus naj npawb ntawm electrons uas atom yog nce lossis poob hauv kev tsim cov ion whereas covalency yog cov xov tooj ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas lub atom tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm lub atom.
