Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Covalency vs Oxidation State
Atoms ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv yog sib koom ua ke ua cov tshuaj sib txawv. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib txuas, cov atoms tau sib koom ua ke ntawm ionic bonds lossis covalent bonds. Covalency thiab oxidation lub xeev yog ob nqe lus uas piav txog lub xeev ntawm cov atoms nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj sib xyaw. Covalency yog tus naj npawb ntawm covalent bonds uas lub atom tuaj yeem tsim. Yog li, Covalency nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus electrons uas atom tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm cov atoms. Lub xeev oxidation ntawm ib lub atom yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons tau txais los yog poob los ntawm ib qho atom thaum tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Covalency thiab oxidation xeev yog tias Covalency ntawm ib lub atom yog tus naj npawb ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus uas atom tuaj yeem tsim tau whereas oxidation lub xeev ntawm atom yog tus naj npawb ntawm electrons poob lossis tau txais los ntawm atom thaum tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Covalency yog dab tsi?
Covalency yog tus naj npawb ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus uas lub atom tuaj yeem tsim nrog lwm cov atoms. Li no, Covalency yog txiav txim los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons tam sim no nyob rau sab nraud orbital ntawm ib lub atom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus valency thiab Covalency yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis meej pem vim lawv muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Valency yog lub zog sib txuas ntawm lub atom. Qee zaum, covalency sib npaug rau qhov valency. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tshwm sim ib txwm.
Daim duab 01: Qee Cov Khoom Sib Tham Covalent
Covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog ib daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj uas tsim thaum ob lub atom sib koom lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud kom ua tiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thaum lub atom muaj lub plhaub tsis tiav electron lossis orbitals, lub atom yuav ua rau muaj zog dua vim tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tiav tsis ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, cov atoms yog nce / xoob electrons los yog sib koom electrons nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sau cov electron plhaub. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj nrog cov txiaj ntsig Covalency sib txawv.
Oxidation State yog dab tsi?
Oxidation lub xeev ntawm ib lub atom yog tus naj npawb ntawm electrons poob, tau txais los yog sib koom los ntawm lub atom nrog lwm lub atom. Yog tias cov hluav taws xob poob lossis tau txais, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub atom hloov raws li. Electrons yog qhov tsis zoo them subatomic particles uas nws tus nqi yog neutralized los ntawm tus nqi zoo ntawm protons hauv lub atom. Thaum cov electrons ploj lawm, lub atom tau txais ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo whereas thaum electrons tau txais, atom tau txais tus nqi tsis zoo. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov nqi zoo ntawm cov protons hauv lub nucleus. Cov nqi no tuaj yeem muab tau raws li lub xeev oxidation ntawm lub atom.
Lub xeev oxidation ntawm ib lub atom yog qhia los ntawm tus lej tag nrho nrog rau qhov zoo (+) lossis qhov tsis zoo (-) kos npe. Daim paib no qhia seb lub atom tau txais lossis poob electrons. Tus lej tag nrho muab tus lej ntawm cov electrons uas tau pauv ntawm atoms.
Daim duab 02: Oxidation Lub Xeev ntawm Cov Khoom Sib Txawv
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Oxidation State of a Atom
Lub xeev oxidation ntawm ib qho atom tuaj yeem txiav txim tau los ntawm kev siv cov cai hauv qab no.
- Lub xeev oxidation ntawm ib qho nruab nrab yog ib txwm xoom. Piv txwv li: Oxidation xeev ntawm sodium (Na) yog xoom.
- Tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yuav tsum sib npaug rau cov lej ntawm cov nqi ntawm txhua lub atom tam sim no hauv qhov sib xyaw. Piv txwv li: Tag nrho cov nqi ntawm KCl yog xoom. Ces tus nqi ntawm K thiab Cl yuav tsum yog +1 thiab -1.
- Lub xeev oxidation ntawm pawg 1 lub ntsiab yog ib txwm +1. Cov pab pawg 1 yog Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium thiab Francium.
- Lub xeev oxidation ntawm pawg 2 cov ntsiab lus yog ib txwm +2. Cov pab pawg 2 yog Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium thiab Radium.
- Tus nqi tsis zoo yog muab rau lub atom uas muaj hluav taws xob ntau dua li ntawm lwm cov atoms sib txuas rau nws.
- Lub xeev oxidation ntawm hydrogen yog ib txwm +1 tshwj tsis yog thaum hydrogen raug khi rau ib pawg 1 hlau.
- Lub xeev oxidation ntawm oxygen yog -2 tshwj tsis yog thaum nws nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm peroxide lossis superoxide.
Qhov txawv ntawm Covalency thiab Oxidation State yog dab tsi?
Covalency vs Oxidation State |
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| Covalency yog tus naj npawb ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus uas lub atom tuaj yeem tsim nrog lwm cov atoms. | Oxidation lub xeev ntawm ib lub atom yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons poob, tau txais lossis sib koom los ntawm lub atom nrog lwm lub atom. |
| Tus nqi hluav taws xob | |
| Covalency tsis qhia tias tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm lub atom. | Oxidation xeev muab hluav taws xob nqi ntawm ib lub atom. |
| Tshuaj Bonding | |
| Covalency qhia txog pes tsawg daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj (covalent bonds) uas ib qho atom muaj peev xwm muaj. | Oxidation lub xeev tsis muab cov ntsiab lus hais txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim los ntawm atom. |
| Lub Xeev ntawm Element | |
| Covalency ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntshiab yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub plhaub hluav taws xob ntawm lub atom ntawm lub caij ntawd. | Oxidation lub xeev ntawm cov khoom ntshiab yog ib txwm xoom. |
Summary – Covalency vs Oxidation State
Covalency thiab oxidation lub xeev ntawm atoms piav qhia txog cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm atom hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov sib txawv ntawm covalency thiab oxidation lub xeev yog tias covalency ntawm ib lub atom yog tus naj npawb ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus uas atom tuaj yeem tsim tau thaum lub xeev oxidation ntawm ib lub atom yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons poob lossis tau txais los ntawm ib lub atom thaum tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg.
