Valency vs Oxidation State
Txawm hais tias qhov valency thiab oxidation lub xeev ntawm qee cov atoms thiab pawg zoo sib xws hauv qee lub sijhawm, nws tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus no.
Valency
Raws li IUPAC lub ntsiab lus valency yog "" ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov atoms uas yuav ua ke nrog lub atom." Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias valency yog muab los ntawm tus lej ntawm daim ntawv cog lus uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm atom. Tus naj npawb ntawm valence electrons uas atom tau txiav txim siab qhov valence ntawm lub atom. Valence electrons yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ib qho atom uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg. Thaum cov chemical bonds tsim, ob lub atom tuaj yeem tau txais hluav taws xob, pub hluav taws xob lossis faib hluav taws xob. Lub peev xwm pub dawb, nce, lossis sib faib yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob valence lawv muaj. Piv txwv li, thaum H2 molecule yog tsim ib hydrogen atom muab ib tug electron rau covalent daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li, ob lub atoms faib ob lub electrons. Yog li qhov valency ntawm hydrogen atom yog ib qho. Univalent atoms lossis pawg xws li hydrogen thiab hydroxyl muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm ib qho thaum sib txawv atoms lossis pawg muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm ob, thiab lwm yam.
Oxidation State
Raws li IUPAC txhais, oxidation xeev yog "kev ntsuas ntawm qib ntawm oxidation ntawm atom hauv cov khoom. Nws txhais tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm atom yuav xav txog kom muaj. " Oxidation lub xeev yog tus lej suav, thiab nws tuaj yeem yog qhov zoo, tsis zoo lossis xoom. Oxidation lub xeev ntawm ib lub atom yuav raug hloov raws li tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias lub xeev oxidation nce, ces lub atom yog hais tias yuav oxidized, thiab yog hais tias nws yog txo, ces lub atom tau undergone txo. Nyob rau hauv oxidation thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, electrons hloov. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntshiab, oxidation lub xeev yog xoom. Muaj ob peb txoj cai uas peb tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab lub xeev oxidation ntawm ib lub atom hauv molecule.
• Cov ntsiab lus ntshiab muaj xoom oxidation xeev.
• Rau monatomic ions, oxidation lub xeev yog tib yam li lawv cov nqi.
• Nyob rau hauv ib tug polyatomic ion, tus nqi yog sib npaug rau cov oxidation xeev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov atoms. Yog li lub xeev oxidation ntawm ib qho atom tsis paub yuav pom yog tias lub xeev oxidation ntawm lwm cov atoms paub.
• Rau qhov nruab nrab molecule, cov lej ntawm tag nrho cov oxidation xeev ntawm atoms yog xoom.
Lwm yam tshaj li cov txheej txheem saum toj no, lub xeev oxidation kuj tuaj yeem suav nrog siv Lewis qauv ntawm lub molecule. Oxidation lub xeev ntawm ib lub atom yog muab los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm valence electron atom muaj yog hais tias lub atom yog nruab nrab thiab cov xov tooj ntawm electrons belongs rau lub atom nyob rau hauv lub Lewis qauv. Piv txwv li, methyl carbon nyob rau hauv acetic acid muaj ib tug -3 oxidation xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv Lewis, carbon yog sib koom ua ke rau peb hydrogen atoms. Txij li cov pa roj carbon ntau dua electronegative, rau lub electrons nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus yog cov carbon. Carbon ua rau lwm daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm cov pa roj carbon; yog li ntawd, lawv faib ob daim ntawv cog lus electrons sib npaug. Yog li tag nrho ua ke hauv Lewis qauv carbon muaj xya electrons. Thaum carbon nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub xeev, nws muaj 4 valence electrons. Yog li qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv ua rau oxidation naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog -3.
Qhov txawv ntawm Valency thiab Oxidation State yog dab tsi?
• Kev muaj siab yog muab los ntawm tus lej ntawm daim ntawv cog lus uas ib hom tuaj yeem tsim.
• Oxidation state yog tus nqi ntawm atom lossis pab pawg tuaj yeem muaj.
