Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm valency thiab oxidation naj npawb yog qhov valency yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm electrons atom tuaj yeem poob, nce lossis faib kom ruaj khov, whereas oxidation tooj yog tus naj npawb ntawm electrons ib atom tuaj yeem poob lossis nce rau daim ntawv. daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm tus atom.
Cov ntsiab lus oxidation tooj thiab valency muaj feem xyuam rau valence electrons ntawm ib lub atom. Valence electrons yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas nyob sab nraud ntawm lub atom. Cov electrons no muaj qhov tsis muaj zog txaus rau lub atomic nucleus; yog li, atoms tau yooj yim tshem tawm lossis faib cov electrons nrog lwm cov atoms. Qhov kev poob no, nce lossis sib koom ntawm cov hluav taws xob ua rau ib qho atom kom muaj tus lej oxidation thiab valency, thiab nws thiaj li tsim cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm ob lub atoms.
Vajtswv yog dabtsi?
Valency yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas lub atom poob, nce lossis sib koom ua kom ruaj khov. Rau cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, txoj cai octet piav txog daim ntawv ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm lub atom. Ntawm no, yog tias tus lej ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm lub atom tau sau tag nrho (xav tau yim electrons rau qhov ua tiav), qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ruaj khov. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias s thiab p sub-orbitals tau sau tag nrho muaj ns 2 np 6 kev teeb tsa, lub atom ruaj khov.
Naturally, noble gas atoms muaj qhov teeb tsa hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, lwm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau poob, nce lossis faib cov electrons kom ua raws li txoj cai octet. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm electrons ib atom yuav tsum tau poob los yog nce los yog sib koom nyob rau hauv no stabilization yog qhov valency ntawm lub atom.
Piv txwv li, cia peb xav txog Silicon. Cov electron configuration ntawm silicon yog 1s22s22p63s2 3p2 Lub plhaub sab nraud yog n=3, thiab nws muaj 4 electrons. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau txais plaub electrons ntxiv kom tiav octet. Feem ntau, Silicon tuaj yeem faib 4 electrons nrog rau lwm cov khoom kom ua tiav octet. Yog li, qhov valency ntawm silicon yog 4.
Rau cov tshuaj sib txawv, qhov muaj txiaj ntsig sib txawv. Nws yog vim hais tias electrons tau ntim rau lub orbitals raws li lub zog theem ntawm cov orbitals. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov hlau hloov pauv muaj qhov sib npaug; Feem ntau nws yog 2. Tab sis, qee lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv vim tias lub atom tuaj yeem ruaj khov hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv los ntawm kev tshem tawm electrons.
Piv txwv li, hauv Iron (Fe), lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog [Ar]3d64s2 Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb ntawm hlau yog 2 (2 electrons hauv 4s2). Tab sis qee zaum, qhov valency ntawm hlau dhau los ua 3. Nws yog vim 3d5 electron configuration yog ruaj khov dua 3d6 Yog li, tshem tawm ib qho ntxiv electron. nrog rau 4s electrons yuav stabilize Hlau ntau.
Oxidation Number yog dab tsi?
Tus lej oxidation yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons ib lub atom tuaj yeem poob lossis nce los ua ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm lub atom. Qee zaum, peb siv cov ntsiab lus oxidation xeev thiab oxidation tooj sib hloov, tab sis lawv muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis.
Daim duab 01: Qee cov tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem pom cov lej sib txawv
Feem ntau, lub sij hawm oxidation tooj yog siv rau kev sib koom ua ke. Hauv kev sib koom ua ke, tus lej oxidation yog tus nqi ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm kev sib koom ua ke yog tias txhua daim ntawv cog lus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub atom yog ionic bonds. Kev sib koom tes complexes yuav luag ib txwm tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hlau atoms nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev. Cov hlau atom no muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg nyob hauv nws ib puag ncig, uas peb hu ua ligands. Cov ligands no muaj ib leeg electron khub uas tuaj yeem koom nrog cov hlau atoms los tsim kev sib koom ua ke.
Tom qab tsim kev sib koom tes, nws zoo ib yam li daim ntawv cog lus. Nws yog vim hais tias ob lub atoms hauv kev sib koom ua ke sib koom ua ke ntawm cov electrons, ib yam li daim ntawv cog lus. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tsum suav tus lej oxidation ntawm lub hauv paus hlau atom xav txog kev sib koom ua ke raws li ionic bonds.
Qhov txawv ntawm Valency thiab Oxidation Number yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus oxidation tooj thiab valency muaj feem xyuam rau valence electrons ntawm ib lub atom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm valency thiab oxidation naj npawb yog qhov valency yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm electrons ib atom tuaj yeem poob, nce lossis sib koom ua kom ruaj khov thaum oxidation tooj yog tus naj npawb ntawm electrons ib atom tuaj yeem poob lossis nce los ua ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm lub atom. Ntxiv mus, lub sij hawm valency yog siv rau tej yam tshuaj, tab sis lub sij hawm oxidation tooj yog siv feem ntau hais txog kev sib koom tes complexes.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm valency thiab oxidation tooj.
Summary – Valency vs Oxidation Number
Ob tus lej oxidation thiab valency yog cov ntsiab lus ntsig txog valence electrons ntawm atom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm valency thiab oxidation naj npawb yog qhov valency yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm electrons ib atom tuaj yeem poob, nce lossis sib koom ua kom ruaj khov whereas oxidation tooj yog tus naj npawb ntawm electrons atom tuaj yeem poob lossis nce los ua ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm lub atom.
