Qhov txawv ntawm Oxidation State thiab Oxidation Number

Qhov txawv ntawm Oxidation State thiab Oxidation Number
Qhov txawv ntawm Oxidation State thiab Oxidation Number

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Oxidation State thiab Oxidation Number

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Oxidation State thiab Oxidation Number
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Oxidation State vs Oxidation Number

Oxidation State

Raws li IUPAC txhais, oxidation xeev yog "kev ntsuas ntawm qib ntawm oxidation ntawm atom hauv cov khoom. Nws txhais tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm atom yuav xav txog kom muaj. " Oxidation lub xeev yog tus lej suav, thiab nws tuaj yeem yog qhov zoo, tsis zoo lossis xoom. Oxidation lub xeev ntawm ib lub atom yuav raug hloov raws li tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias lub xeev oxidation nce, ces lub atom yog hais tias yuav oxidized. Thiab yog tias nws txo qis, ces lub atom tau txo qis. Nyob rau hauv oxidation thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, electrons hloov. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntshiab oxidation lub xeev yog xoom. Muaj ob peb txoj cai uas peb tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab lub xeev oxidation ntawm ib lub atom hauv molecule.

• Cov ntsiab lus ntshiab muaj xoom oxidation xeev.

• Rau monatomic ions, oxidation lub xeev yog tib yam li lawv cov nqi.

• Nyob rau hauv ib tug polyatomic ion, tus nqi yog sib npaug rau cov oxidation xeev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov atoms. Yog li lub xeev oxidation ntawm ib qho atom tsis paub yuav pom yog tias lub xeev oxidation ntawm lwm cov atoms paub.

• Rau qhov nruab nrab molecule, cov lej ntawm tag nrho cov oxidation xeev ntawm atoms yog xoom.

Lwm yam tshaj li cov txheej txheem saum toj no, lub xeev oxidation kuj tuaj yeem suav nrog siv Lewis qauv ntawm lub molecule. Oxidation lub xeev ntawm atom yog muab los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm valence electron ntawm lub atom, yog hais tias lub atom yog nruab nrab, thiab cov xov tooj ntawm electrons belongs rau lub atom nyob rau hauv lub Lewis qauv. Piv txwv li, methyl carbon nyob rau hauv acetic acid muaj ib tug -3 oxidation xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv Lewis, carbon yog sib koom ua ke rau peb hydrogen atoms. Txij li cov pa roj carbon ntau dua electronegative, rau lub electrons nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus yog cov carbon. Carbon ua rau lwm daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm cov pa roj carbon; yog li ntawd, lawv faib ob daim ntawv cog lus electrons sib npaug. Yog li tag nrho ua ke, hauv Lewis qauv, carbon muaj xya electrons. Thaum carbon nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub xeev, nws muaj plaub valence electrons. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv ua rau oxidation tus naj npawb ntawm carbon mus rau -3.

Tus lej Oxidation

Oxidation tooj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Qee lub sij hawm tus nqi thiab tus lej oxidation zoo sib xws, tab sis qee zaum nws txawv. Piv txwv li, s thaiv thiab p thaiv cov ntsiab lus muaj tib tus lej oxidation raws li lawv cov nqi. Tsis tas li ntawd polyatomic ions muaj tib tus lej oxidation raws li tus nqi. Tib lub caij tuaj yeem muaj cov lej sib txawv oxidation, nyob ntawm lwm cov atoms nws txuas nrog. Nyob rau hauv ib lub caij dawb, oxidation tooj yog ib txwm xoom. Hloov pauv hlau ions (d thaiv), cov ntsiab lus muaj cov lej sib txawv oxidation.

Qhov txawv ntawm Oxidation State thiab Oxidation Number yog dab tsi?

• Lub sij hawm oxidation tooj yog siv nyob rau hauv kev sib koom tes chemistry. Nws muaj lub ntsiab lus txawv me ntsis dua li lub xeev oxidation.

• Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev suav tus lej oxidation yog qhov txawv me ntsis ntawm txoj kev suav oxidation xeev.

• Thaum lub xeev oxidation raug txiav txim, lub electronegativity ntawm cov atoms nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv cog lus yog muab rau hauv kev txiav txim. Tab sis thaum txiav txim siab tus lej oxidation, electronegativity tsis tau muab rau hauv kev xav. Tag nrho cov electrons hauv daim ntawv cog lus yog rau ligands.

• Feem ntau cov lej oxidation yog sawv cev nrog cov lej Roman whereas oxidation xeev yog sawv cev hauv Indo-Arabic tus lej.

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