Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm calcium thiab magnesium yog qhov calcium zoo nkaus li cov hlau dull grey nrog cov xim daj daj daj thaum cov magnesium zoo nkaus li cov xim grey ci. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov atomic tooj ntawm calcium yog 20 whereas lub atomic tooj ntawm magnesium yog 12.
Calcium thiab magnesium yog ob yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv pawg 2 ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Txawm hais tias lawv nyob hauv tib pab pawg, lawv nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm lub sijhawm vim tias calcium muaj ib lub plhaub ntxiv electron dua li ntawm magnesium. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib txawv.
calcium yog dab tsi?
Calcium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj cov atomic tooj 20 thiab cov cim tshuaj Ca. Peb categorize nws raws li ib tug alkaline ntiaj teb hlau (tag nrho cov pab pawg neeg 2 ntsiab yog alkaline ntiaj teb hlau). Cov hlau no muaj zog heev thaum raug huab cua; nws tsim ib txheej tsaus nti oxide-nitride. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov thib tsib tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust.
Daim duab 01: Calcium Hlau nrog Tsaus Oxide-Nitride Txheej
Calcium hlau zoo li cov hlau dull grey nrog cov xim daj daj. Tus qauv atomic hnyav ntawm lub caij no yog 40.078. Nws yog nyob rau hauv pawg 2 thiab lub sij hawm 4 ntawm lub periodic table. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho s block element. lub electron configuration ntawm lub caij no yog [Ar] 4s2 Cov khoom no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib theem khoom ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab. Lub melting point thiab boiling point yog 842 ° C thiab 1484 ° C feem. Lub xeev oxidation feem ntau yog +2, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tsim +1 oxidation xeev thiab. Ntxiv mus, nws muaj 4 lub plhaub hluav taws xob uas muaj cov hluav taws xob.
Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam sib xyaw xws li calcium oxide (CaO), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), calcium carbonate (CaCO. 3), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj no tshwm sim raws li cov pob zeb sedimentary xws li limestone, feem ntau hauv ob hom; Calcite thiab aragonite. Thaum xav txog kev siv cov hlau no, kev siv loj tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv steelmaking. Ntxiv mus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm calcium yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj, kev lag luam tshuaj, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam.
Magnesium yog dab tsi?
Magnesium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 12 thiab cov cim tshuaj Mg. Nws kuj yog alkaline ntiaj teb hlau. Nws nyob hauv pawg 2 thiab lub sijhawm 3 ntawm lub rooj sib tham. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj 3 electron plhaub uas muaj cov electrons. Qhov no yog cuaj feem ntau muaj tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv lub ntug.
Daim duab 02: Magnesium Hlau
Lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm magnesium yog [Ne] 3s 2 Nws yog ib qho thaiv cov khoom, thiab nws tshwm sim raws li cov khoom ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab. Nws yog ib qho ci grey hlau. Lub melting point thiab boiling point yog 650 ° C thiab 1091 ° C feem. Qhov feem ntau thiab ruaj khov oxidation xeev yog +2, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tsim +1 oxidation xeev thiab. Nws muaj hexagonal kaw-packed siv lead ua qauv.
Magnesium tshwm sim hauv cov pob zeb hauv av xws li magnesite, dolomite, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv mus, magnesium (+2) cation yog qhov thib ob ntau tshaj cation hauv dej hiav txwv. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, cov hlau no muaj ntau yam siv. Piv txwv li, nws yog ib qho khoom siv hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam kev siv xws li hauv kev tsim cov aluminium alloys, tuag-casting (alloyed nrog zinc), tshem cov sulfur hauv kev tsim cov hlau thiab hlau, thiab kev tsim cov titanium hauv cov txheej txheem Kroll.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Calcium thiab Magnesium?
- ob leeg yog hlau
- Calcium thiab Magnesium yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm alkaline ntiaj teb hlau
- Ob leeg nyob hauv pab pawg 2 ntawm lub sijhawm teem caij
- Calcium thiab Magnesium ob leeg muaj 2 electrons nyob rau sab nraud s orbital
- Ob leeg yog cov khoom ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab siab
Qhov txawv ntawm Calcium thiab Magnesium yog dab tsi?
Calcium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 20 thiab cov cim tshuaj Ca. Txawm li cas los xij, magnesium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj tus lej atomic 12 thiab cov cim tshuaj Mg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm calcium thiab magnesium yog lawv cov tsos; calcium yog ib tug dull grey hlau nrog ib tug daj daj tint thaum magnesium yog ib tug ci grey hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus qauv atomic hnyav ntawm Ca yog 40.078. Thiab raws li nws tus lej atomic, nws nyob hauv pab pawg 2 thiab lub sijhawm 4 ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Sib nrug ntawm qhov ntawd, nws qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog [Ar] 4s 2 Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus qauv atomic hnyav ntawm Mg yog 24.305. Raws li nws tus naj npawb atomic, nws nyob hauv pawg 2 thiab lub sijhawm 3 ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Thiab, qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog [Ne] 3s 2 Tseem ceeb tshaj, calcium yog qhov thib tsib thiab magnesium yog cuaj feem ntau cov ntsiab lus hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm calcium thiab magnesium hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Calcium vs Magnesium
Calcium thiab magnesium ob leeg yog alkaline ntiaj teb hlau vim tias ob leeg nyob hauv pawg 2 ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hauv pawg 2 yog categorized li alkaline ntiaj teb hlau. Lub atomic tooj ntawm calcium yog 20 whereas tus atomic tooj ntawm magnesium yog 12. Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm calcium thiab magnesium yog cov calcium zoo li ib tug dull grey hlau nrog ib tug daj ntseg daj tint whereas lub magnesium zoo li ib tug ci grey hlau.
