Qhov txawv ntawm Alkali Metals thiab Alkaline Earth Metals

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog tias tag nrho cov alkali hlau muaj ib qho hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lawv lub plhaub sab nraud whereas tag nrho cov alkaline ntiaj teb hlau muaj ob sab electrons.

Raws li ob qho tib si Alkali hlau thiab alkali ntiaj teb hlau yog thawj ob pawg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub rooj, qhov sib txawv ntawm alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog ib qho kev txaus siab rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm chemistry. Alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog "S-block" cov ntsiab lus vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus hauv ob pawg no muaj lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud hauv s-subshell.

Ob leeg alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog cov hluav taws xob zoo thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov ntsiab lus hauv ob pawg no yog cov hlau reactive tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub rooj. Lawv cov ntsiab lus melting kuj qis dua lwm cov hlau. Alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws, tab sis tsab xov xwm no tham txog lawv qhov sib txawv.

Alkali Metals yog dab tsi?

Cov hlau alkali yog cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv thawj pab pawg ntawm lub sijhawm. Lawv yog Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs) thiab Francium (Fr). Lawv yog tag nrho cov hlau thiab reactive heev yog li ntawd tsis muaj cov hlau no tsis tshwm sim li dawb hlau nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Peb yuav tsum khaws cov hlau no ib txwm nyob hauv cov kua dej tsis zoo xws li kerosene vim tias lawv sai sai nrog huab cua, dej vapor thiab oxygen hauv huab cua. Qee zaum lawv explosively reacts nrog lwm yam khoom. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav lub xeev cov pa roj tau yooj yim, los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob sab nraud hauv lub plhaub valence.

Qhov ntom ntawm Lithium thiab Sodium tsawg dua qhov ntom ntawm dej. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm cov ntsiab lus yog denser dua dej. Ntau cov alkali hlau tebchaw (NaCl, KCl, Na₂CO_{3, NaOH) yog kev lag luam tseem ceeb heev.}

Alkaline Earth Metals yog dab tsi?

Alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog nyob rau hauv pawg thib ob ntawm lub sij hawm. Pawg II cov ntsiab lus suav nrog; Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba) thiab Radium (Ra). Zoo ib yam li cov hlau alkaline, cov ntsiab lus no kuj tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab lawv kuj muaj zog heev.

Daim duab 01: Atomic Radius ntawm Alkali thiab Alkali Earth Metals

Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hauv pawg no yog denser dua dej. Cov hlau ntshiab muaj cov xim nyiaj-grey, tab sis lawv nyiam decolorize sai sai thaum raug huab cua vim lawv tsim cov oxide txheej rau ntawm qhov chaw. Ib yam li cov hlau alkali, cov hlau no kuj yog cov conductors zoo hauv tshav kub thiab hluav taws xob. Tag nrho cov hlau no yog cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig.

Qhov txawv ntawm Alkali Metals thiab Alkaline Earth Metals yog dab tsi?

Alkali hlau yog cov ntsiab lus tam sim no nyob rau hauv thawj pab pawg neeg ntawm lub sijhawm. Alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog nyob rau hauv ob pab pawg neeg ntawm lub periodic rooj. Alkali hlau muaj cov hluav taws xob configuration ntawm [Noble gas] ns¹ thaum Alkaline ntiaj teb hlau muaj, [Noble gas] ns^{2 hluav taws xob configuration. Hais txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlau no, tag nrho cov alkali hlau muaj ib qho hluav taws xob hauv lawv lub plhaub sab nraud. Thiab tag nrho cov alkaline ntiaj teb hlau muaj ob sab electrons.}

Alkali hlau tsuas muaj +1 ionic xwb nyob rau hauv lawv cov tebchaw thaum alkaline ntiaj teb hlau muaj +2 ionic nqi nyob rau hauv lawv cov tebchaw. Piv txwv li, alkali hlau yog ntau reactive tshaj alkaline ntiaj teb hlau. Ntxiv mus, alkali hlau yog mos heev thiab lawv tuaj yeem txiav nrog rab riam ntse. Txawm li cas los xij, alkali ntiaj teb hlau yog nyuaj dua li cov hlau alkali.

Summary – Alkali Metals vs Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog pawg I thiab pawg II cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ob pawg no yog kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob. Nws txiav txim siab valency ntawm lub ntsiab. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntawm alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog tias tag nrho cov alkali hlau muaj ib tug electron nyob rau hauv lawv lub plhaub sab nraud whereas tag nrho cov alkaline ntiaj teb hlau muaj ob sab electrons.