Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob thiab Archaea yog cov noob ntawm Archaea zoo ib yam li Eukarya ntau dua li cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, Archaea tsis muaj peptidoglycan hauv lawv cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thaum cov kab mob ua.
Txhua yam kab mob muaj sia tuaj yeem faib ua 3 qhov loj: Archaea, Kab mob, thiab Eukarya. Archaea thiab Bacteria yog cov kab mob prokaryotic uas tsis muaj cov kab mob sib txuas thiab cov nucleus. Lawv yog cov kab mob ib leeg xwb.
Archaea yog dab tsi?
Archaea yog ib pab pawg neeg ntxim nyiam ntawm cov kab mob prokaryotic pom nyob rau xyoo 1970s. Ua ntej ntawd, lawv raug suav hais tias yog ib feem ntawm cov kab mob (archaebacteria). Txij li thaum Archaea qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob, tam sim no lawv nyob hauv ib qho chaw cais hu ua Archaea. Lawv yog cov kab mob primitive tshaj plaws nrhiav tau tam sim no. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb heev thiab tshwj xeeb pab pawg. Ua ntej, lawv zoo li cov pob txha thaum ntxov (hnub tim 2 lab xyoo), lees paub tias lawv yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrhiav pom txog niaj hnub no. Qhov thib ob, lawv muaj peev xwm ciaj sia nyob rau hauv huab cua ib puag ncig. Lawv suav nrog cov extremophiles uas tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv qhov chaw huab cua xws li cov qhov dej kub, cov qhov dej sib sib zog nqus hauv hiav txwv tob, dej saline dej, roj av deposits, plab hnyuv ntawm nyuj, termites thiab marine life.
Daim duab 01: Archaea
Archaea yog cov kab mob me me, uas muaj tsawg dua 1 micron ntev. Archaea muaj ntau yam duab xws li coccoid, bacilli thiab lwm yam duab txawv. Raws li lawv physiology, muaj peb lub ntsiab pawg: methanogens, thermophiles, thiab halophiles. Methanogens yog cov anaerobes uas nyob hauv qab ntawm cov pas dej, cov dej phwj tuaj thiab cov hnyuv ntawm cov tsiaj. Lawv siv hydrogen compounds thiab carbon dioxide los tsim lub zog. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, lawv tso cov methane. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thermophiles huab cua nyob hauv cov dej kub heev xws li geysers, cov cua kub hauv dej hiav txwv thiab lwm yam. Lawv oxidize sulfur kom tau txais lub zog thiab tso tawm sulfuric acid raws li cov khoom lag luam. Cov halophiles heev, txawm li cas los xij, nyob hauv cov dej ntsev siab xws li hauv Hiav Txwv Tuag.
Cov kab mob yog dab tsi?
Cov kab mob yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob ib leeg prokaryotic uas nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lawv tau pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1674. Lub npe no yog los ntawm Greek lo lus "me me". Lawv yog cov kab mob me me uas tsuas yog ob peb micrometers ntev. Muaj cov kab mob dawb nyob nrog rau cov uas tuaj yeem loj hlob txuas mus rau qhov chaw. Cov kab mob muaj nyob hauv cov duab sib txawv xws li coccoid, bacilli, kauv, comma thiab filamentous.
Cov kab mob tsis muaj cov kab mob sib txuas ua ke xws li nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi lub cev, thiab ER. Ib qho chromosome muaj nyob hauv cytoplasm. Lawv kuj muaj cov DNA coiled heev. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes yog cov tshuaj "peptidoglycan". Cov kab mob Gram-zoo muaj txheej tuab peptidoglycan thaum cov kab mob Gram-tsis zoo muaj txheej nyias peptidoglycan. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tuab no yog ib qho zoo thaum sib txawv cov kab mob ntawm ib leeg. Cov kab mob muaj cov DNA extrachromosomal hu ua 'Plasmid' uas muaj peev xwm ua rau nws tus kheej rov ua dua. Plasmids yog ib ncig me me DNA molecules uas yog siv los ua vectors hauv recombinant DNA technology. Txawm hais tias plasmids nqa cov noob, lawv tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob.
Daim duab 02: Kab mob
Cov kab mob kuj tseem muaj flagella rau locomotion. Bacterial capsule yog cov qauv polysaccharide nruj. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv. Nws kuj muaj polypeptides. Yog li, nws tiv thaiv phagocytosis. Lub capsule tseem koom nrog hauv kev lees paub, ua raws, thiab tsim cov biofilms thiab pathogenesis. Qee tus kuj tuaj yeem tsim cov endospores, uas yog cov txheej txheem dormant heev.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Archaea thiab Bacteria?
- Archaea thiab Bacteria yog cov kab mob.
- Ob leeg yog prokaryotic.
- Lawv tsis muaj daim nyias nyias thiab cov nucleus.
- Lawv sib koom cov duab zoo sib xws.
- Ob pawg suav nrog cov kab mob me me.
- Ob leeg yog cov kab mob unicellular.
- Lawv tuaj yeem muaj flagella.
- Cov kab mob no muaj 70S ribosomes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Kab Mob thiab Archaea yog dab tsi?
Bacteria vs Archaea |
|
| Cov kab mob yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob unicellular microorganisms belongs rau Domain Bacteria | Archaea yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob unicellular belongs rau Domain Archaea |
| Peptidoglycan hauv Cell Wall | |
| Muaj peptidoglycan hauv lawv cov phab ntsa cell | Tsis txhob muaj peptidoglycan hauv lawv cov phab ntsa cell |
| Eukarya | |
| Genes txawv ntawm Eukarya | noob caj noob ces zoo ib yam li Eukarya |
| Cov txheej txheem sib txawv hauv Cell Division | |
| Cell faib tsis ua raws cov txheej txheem sib txawv | Cell faib ua tiav cov txheej txheem sib txawv |
| Membrane Lipid Bonding | |
| Form ester bonds ntawm daim nyias nyias lipids | Muaj ether bonds ntawm daim nyias nyias lipids |
| RNA Polymerases | |
| Muaj tsawg RNA polymerases dua eukarya | Muaj ntau RNA polymerases zoo ib yam li eukarya |
Summary – Bacteria vs Archaea
Archaea thiab Bacteria yog ob pawg koom nrog Domain Archaea thiab Doman Bacteria feem. Txawm li cas los xij, Archaea thiab Bacteria muaj ntau qhov zoo sib xws. Archaea noob muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam li eukarya, tsis zoo li cov kab mob. Archarea tsis muaj peptidoglycan hauv lawv cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thaum cov kab mob ua. Archaea kuj muaj ntau RNA polymerases zoo ib yam li eukarya, tsis zoo li cov kab mob. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob thiab Archaea.
Image Courtesy:
1. "Archaea" Los ntawm Kaden11a - Tus kheej ua haujlwm (CC BY-SA 4.0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia
2. “1832824” (CC0) via Pixabay
