Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm formic acid thiab acetic acid yog formic acid (los yog methanoic acid , HCOOH) muaj cov carboxylic acid pawg txuas nrog hydrogen atom whereas acetic acid (los yog ethanoic acid, CH3COOH) muaj ib pawg methyl txuas rau carboxylic acid.
Ob leeg formic acid thiab acetic acid yog cov carboxylic acids yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, formic acid yog qhov yooj yim carboxylic acid whereas acetic acid yog qhov yooj yim thib ob carboxylic acid. Ob lub tebchaw no yog acidic compounds.
Formic Acid yog dab tsi?
Formic acid yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws carboxylic acid uas ib pawg carboxylic acid txuas nrog hydrogen atom. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm nws yog HCOOH los yog CH2O2. Lub npe IUPAC ntawm cov tshuaj no yog methanoic acid. Cov tshuaj no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qee cov ntsaum.
Qee cov lus tseeb txog formic acid yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj formula – CH2O2 /HCOOH
- Molar mass - 46.03 g/mol
- Lub cev lub cev - kua ntawm chav sov
- Xim - tsis muaj xim
- ntxhiab tsw - pungent tsw
- melting point – 8.4°C
- Boiling point – 100.8°C
- Dej solubility - miscible nrog dej
Vapor theem ntawm formic acid muaj dimers vim hydrogen bonding ntawm nws cov molecules. Ob lub formic acid molecules tuaj yeem tsim ob daim ntawv cog lus hydrogen nrog ib leeg los ua ib qho dimer. Vim lub peev xwm no los tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules nws yog miscible nrog dej.
Daim duab 1: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Formic Acid
Formic Acid Production
Formic acid ntau lawm yog siv methyl formate thiab formamide. Hydrolysis ntawm methyl formate tsim formic acid. Methyl formate yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm methanol thiab carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub hauv paus muaj zog xws li sodium methoxide. Qee zaum, methyl formate thawj zaug hloov mus rau hauv formamide (los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm methyl formate nrog ammonia), uas tom qab ntawd hydrolyzes nrog sulfuric acid kom tawm tau cov kua qaub.
YAcetic Acid yog dab tsi?
Acetic acid yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thib ob carboxylic acid uas muaj ib pawg methyl txuas rau pawg carboxylic acid. Lub npe IUPAC ntawm cov tshuaj no yog ethanoic acid. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm acetic acid yog CH3COOH. Qee qhov tseeb ntawm acetic acid yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj formula – CH 3COOH
- Molar mass - 60.05 g/mol
- Lub cev lub cev - kua ntawm chav tsev kub
- xim - tsis muaj xim
- ntxhiab tsw - vinegar zoo li tsw
- Melting point – 16.6 °C
- Boiling point – 118.1°C
- Dej solubility - miscible nrog dej
Acetic acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm vinegar. Nws muaj ib tug yam ntxwv qaub saj thiab ib tug pungent tsw. Lub hydrogen atom ntawm pawg carboxylic acid ntawm acetic acid tuaj yeem cais tawm ntawm cov molecule ntawm ionization ntawm cov molecule. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho acidic molecule. Nws kuj yog ib qho tsis muaj zog monoprotic compound. Khoom acetic acid muaj cov molecules teem nyob rau hauv ib tug saw-zoo li cov qauv vim hydrogen bonds nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov molecules. Tab sis nws muaj dimers nyob rau hauv nws vapor theem.
Daim duab 2: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Acetic Acid
Acetic Acid Production
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los tsim cov acetic acid: cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov kab mob fermentation. Cov txheej txheem siv nyob rau hauv cov synthesis feem ntau yog methanol carbonylation. Txoj kev no suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm methanol thiab carbon monoxide.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Formic Acid thiab Acetic Acid?
- Formic acid thiab acetic acid yog carboxylic acids
- Ob leeg yog cov kua tsis muaj xim ntawm chav sov
- Ob cov kua qaub muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo
- Lawv ob leeg muaj peev xwm tsim dimers
- Nrog cov dej molecules, ob leeg tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds
- Ntxiv mus, ob lub kua qaub yog miscible nrog dej
Qhov txawv ntawm Formic Acid thiab Acetic Acid yog dab tsi?
Formic Acid vs Acetic Acid |
|
| Formic acid yog qhov yooj yim carboxylic acid uas muaj pawg carboxylic acid txuas nrog hydrogen atom. | Acetic acid yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thib ob carboxylic acid, uas muaj ib pawg methyl txuas rau pawg carboxylic acid. |
| IUPAC Name | |
| YMethanoic acid | YEthanoic acid |
| Tshuaj Formula | |
| CH3COOH. | HCOOH. |
| Tshuaj Txheej Txheem | |
| Muaj cov hydrogen atom sib txuas rau pawg carboxylic. | Muaj cov methyl pawg sib txuas rau pawg carboxylic. |
| Molar Mass | |
| 46.03g/mol. | 60.05g/mol. |
| boiling point | |
| 100.8°C. | 118.1°C. |
| Melting Point | |
| 8.4°C. | 16.6°C. |
Summary – Formic Acid vs Acetic Acid
Formic acid thiab acetic acid yog cov yooj yim carboxylic acid compounds. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm formic acid thiab acetic acid yog cov formic acid muaj ib pawg carboxylic acid txuas nrog hydrogen atom whereas acetic acid muaj ib pawg methyl txuas rau carboxylic acid.
