Qhov Tseem Ceeb - DNA vs RNA Synthesis
DNA synthesis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob txoj hlua DNA los ntawm kev sib txuas ib nrab los ntawm kev siv cov enzymes. RNA synthesis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm RNA los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv siv cov txheej txheem enzyme-mediated. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA synthesis yog hom enzyme siv rau cov txheej txheem. Hauv DNA synthesis, DNA polymerase yog lub ntsiab enzyme siv, whereas, hauv RNA synthesis, RNA polymerase yog siv.
DNA Synthesis yog dab tsi?
DNA synthesis, tseem hu ua DNA replication, yog cov txheej txheem uas ib tug tshiab ob stranded DNA yog synthesized los ntawm kev siv cov niam txiv DNA qauv. DNA replication tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm eukaryotes. Nws yog lub npe hu ua ib txoj kev rov ua dua ib nrab vim nws tsim ib daim qauv ntawm cov khoom qub thiab ib daim qauv ntawm cov strand tshiab. DNA replication yog tswj hwm los ntawm ib qho enzyme hu ua DNA polymerase. Replication pib nrog lub unwinding ntawm ob stranded niam txiv DNA nrog kev pab los ntawm DNA helicase.
DNA polymerase ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm 5' rau 3' rau kev sib txuas tshiab. Cov enzyme no yuav tsum muaj 3'OH pawg ntxiv cov nucleotides tshiab thaum rov ua dua. Thiab tseem, DNA polymerase yuav tsum muaj luv luv RNA primer los pib replication vim nws tsis tuaj yeem pib rov ua dua ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov strand uas yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub 5 'mus rau 3' kev taw qhia yog hu ua ua strand thiab nws yuav tsum synthesized tsis tu ncua.
Daim duab 01: DNA Synthesis
Txoj hlua tshiab uas khiav ntawm 3' mus rau 5' kev taw qhia, tsis tuaj yeem ua ke tsis tu ncua vim nws tsis muaj 3' kawg. Yog li ntawd, nrog kev pab los ntawm ntau luv luv oligomers (primers), luv luv strands ntawm DNA tshiab yog synthesized. Cov luv luv no hu ua Okazaki fragments. Cov Okazaki fragments no tom qab ligated siv DNA ligase. Cov strand no hu ua lagging strand. Thaum kawg ntawm tus txheej txheem, tshiab ob chav stranded DNA zoo ib yam li niam txiv DNA yog tsim.
RNA Synthesis yog dab tsi?
RNA synthesis yog cov txheej txheem uas ib leeg RNA raug tsim los nrog kev pab ntawm ob txoj hlua DNA. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus dogma ntawm lub neej, qhov no yog hu ua transcription. Kev hloov pauv ntawm eukaryotes tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Cov enzyme tseem ceeb siv hauv kev sau lossis RNA synthesis yog RNA polymerase. Kev sau ntawv kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 5' rau 3' kev taw qhia.
Daim duab 02: Kev txhais lus
RNA polymerase txheeb xyuas cov qauv strand ntawm niam txiv DNA los ntawm kev khi rau cov chaw txhawb nqa ntawm DNA strand. Cov chaw txhawb nqa txawv raws li cov kab ke ntawm lub cev (eukaryotic lossis prokaryotic). Thaum tus neeg txhawb nqa tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm RNA polymerase, nws pib qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw pib pib. RNA polymerase ntxiv nucleotides rau qhov dawb 3' kawg thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj tus qauv los pib sau ntawv. Ua ntej DNA: RNA hybrid yog tsim uas tom qab ntawd ploj mus thiab thaum txiav tawm ntawm RNA synthesis, cov khoom sib txuas tau xa mus rau lub cell cytoplasm rau protein synthesis (kev txhais lus).
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm DNA thiab RNA Synthesis?
- Ob DNA thiab RNA Synthesis yog catalyzed los ntawm cov enzymes.
- Ob leeg muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm eukaryotes thiab cytoplasm ntawm prokaryotes.
- Ob leeg raug tswj los ntawm lub sijhawm thiab pH.
- Ob DNA thiab RNA Synthesis muaj peb theem tseem ceeb: pib, elongation, thiab txiav
- Ob leeg yog ob theem tseem ceeb hauv Central dogma ntawm lub neej.
- Ob leeg tshwm sim hauv 5 'mus rau 3' kev taw qhia.
Qhov txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA Synthesis yog dab tsi?
DNA vs RNA Synthesis |
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| DNA synthesis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov DNA tshiab ob zaug, uas yog ib qho zoo tib yam ntawm ib qho qauv DNA molecule. | RNA synthesis yog txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm RNA molecule, uas yog ib daim qauv ntawm ib ntu ntawm DNA strand |
| Cell Cycle Phase | |
| DNA replication tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm S theem ntawm interphase. | Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm G1 thiab G2 theem ntawm kev sib tshuam. |
| Kev tsim ntawm Okazaki Fragments | |
| Okazaki tawg yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm DNA synthesis. | Okazaki fragments tsis tsim thaum lub sij hawm RNA synthesis. |
| Kev xav tau ntawm Primers | |
| Primers yuav tsum tau rau DNA synthesis. | Primers tsis tas yuav tsum muaj rau RNA synthesis. |
| Enzyme koom nrog | |
| DNA polymerase, helicase, topoisomerase, thiab ligase yog cov enzymes koom nrog hauv DNA synthesis. | RNA polymerase yog lub ntsiab enzyme koom nrog hauv kev sau. |
| DNA synthesis tseem hu ua DNA replication. | RNA synthesis tseem hu ua Transcription. |
| Cov Khoom Siv Pib (template) | |
| Ob ob ob leeg niam txiv tso tseg DNA yog siv los ua qauv hauv DNA synthesis. | Ib strand ntawm DNA yog siv los ua template thaum transcription. |
| Ntau cov Strands tsim | |
| DNA synthesis yields ob txoj kab tshiab ntawm DNA. | RNA synthesis yields ib strand ntawm RNA. |
| txheej txheem pib | |
| DNA synthesis pib ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm replication. | RNA synthesis pib ntawm kev txhawb nqa cheeb tsam. |
| Txhawb nqa cheeb tsam | |
| Txoj kev txhawb nqa cheeb tsam tsis koom nrog DNA synthesis. | Txhawb nqa cheeb tsam yog qhov tsim nyog rau RNA synthesis. |
Summary – DNA vs RNA Synthesis
Kev Tshaj Tawm thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm yog raug xa mus rau ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb uas DNA thiab RNA tau tsim los. DNA synthesis los yog replication tshwm sim los ntawm unwinding ntawm ob strands thiab ob lub strands ua rau tsim tus ntxhais ob stranded DNA. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau koom nrog DNA polymerase nrog rau lwm cov enzymes. RNA synthesis siv ib qho DNA strand los ua ke RNA siv RNA polymerase. Ob leeg coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 5 'mus rau 3' kev taw qhia.
