Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Lub Cev vs Tshuaj Equilibrium
Ib lub xeev sib npaug piav qhia txog qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom lag luam hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw hauv lub kaw lus kaw. Ib qho kev sib npaug tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub kaw lus kaw nkaus xwb. Nyob rau hauv equilibrium, cov concentrations ntawm reactants thiab cov khoom nyob twj ywm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov reactants los yog cov khoom raug hloov, qhov concentration ntawm lwm yam constituents kuj hloov spontaneously thiaj li tuav lub equilibrium. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib npaug, muaj ob hom; lub cev sib npaug thiab tshuaj lom neeg sib npaug. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj sib npaug yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub cev yog qhov sib npaug uas lub cev lub cev tsis hloov pauv thaum cov tshuaj sib npaug yog qhov sib npaug hauv lub xeev uas qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov nrog lub sijhawm.
Lub Cev Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
Lub cev sib npaug yog lub xeev sib npaug uas lub cev lub cev tsis hloov pauv. Hloov cov theem ntawm cov teeb meem los ntawm ib theem mus rau lwm qhov yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm lub cev. Li no lub xeev equilibrium uas lub cev lub cev tsis hloov nrog lub sij hawm yog hu ua lub cev equilibrium. Muaj peb hom kev sib npaug ntawm lub cev;
Solid-Liquid Equilibrium
Piv txwv li, qhov sib npaug ntawm dej khov thiab dej yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub cev vim tias tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim. Txhua yam khoom ntshiab tuaj yeem ua ke nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si khoom thiab ua kua theem ntawm melting point ntawm cov khoom ntawd. Lub melting point yog qhov kub uas cov khoom pib yaj (hloov mus rau hauv nws daim ntawv ua kua).
Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium
Qhov sib npaug ntawm dej thiab chav dej yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub cev uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, hom kev sib npaug no tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv lub kaw lus kaw, tshwj tsis yog lub vapor khiav tawm ntawm qhov sib npaug.
Solid-Vapour Equilibrium
Hom kev sib npaug ntawm lub cev no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov khoom uas raug sublimation. Nyob ntawd, qhov sib npaug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm sublimation (sublimation yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom ncaj qha mus rau theem vapor, tsis dhau cov kua theem). Piv txwv li, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) rau hauv cov pa roj ammonium chloride.
Chemical Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
Tshuaj sib npaug yog lub xeev sib npaug uas qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov nrog lub sijhawm. Hom kev sib npaug no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab. Cov tshuaj sib npaug sib npaug tshwm sim thaum qhov tshwm sim pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab tau tshwm sim ntawm tib tus nqi. Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntau ntawm txhua qhov reactant thiab cov khoom lag luam uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib npaug.
Daim duab 1: Daim duab ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm A thiab B; Cov Reactant concentrations ua tas mus li tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov tau txais qhov Equilibrium
Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hydrogen gas thiab iodine vapor hauv lub kaw lus kaw muab cov xim violet sib sib zog nqus thaum pib uas tom qab ntawd ploj mus nrog lub sijhawm. Cov xim sib sib zog nqus violet yog muab los ntawm iodine vapour. Cov xim ploj vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm iodine vapor thiab hydrogen gas. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov xim tseem nyob tas li. Nws yog lub ntsiab lus uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txais lub xeev sib npaug. Nov yog chemical equilibrium.
H2(g) + I2(g) ↔ HI(g)
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj sib npaug?
- Ob lub cev thiab tshuaj sib npaug yog cov qauv ntawm cov xeev sib npaug.
- Ob daim ntawv Physical thiab Chemical Equilibrium muaj qhov tsis sib xws nrog lub sijhawm.
Qhov txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj sib npaug yog dab tsi?
Physical vs Chemical Equilibrium |
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| Lub cev sib npaug yog lub xeev sib npaug uas lub cev lub cev tsis hloov pauv. | Tshuaj sib npaug yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub xeev uas cov concentrations ntawm reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov nrog lub sijhawm. |
| Nature | |
| Lub cev sib npaug tsis pom qhov hloov pauv hauv lub cev ntawm cov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov sib npaug. | Cov tshuaj sib npaug tsis pom kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom lag luam uas koom nrog qhov sib npaug. |
| Lub cev sib npaug suav nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lub cev lub cev hauv tib lub kaw lus kaw. | Cov tshuaj sib npaug suav nrog cov nqi sib npaug ntawm kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab. |
Summary – Physical vs Chemical Equilibrium
Lub xeev sib npaug ntawm lub system yog lub xeev uas muaj qhov tsis tu ncua hauv qhov system. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub xeev equilibrium ntawm ib qho system, muaj ob hom kev sib npaug; lub cev sib npaug thiab tshuaj lom neeg sib npaug. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj sib npaug yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub cev yog qhov sib npaug uas lub cev lub cev ntawm lub cev tsis hloov pauv thaum cov tshuaj sib npaug yog qhov sib npaug hauv lub xeev uas cov concentrations ntawm reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov nrog lub sijhawm.
