Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Tus Neeg Sawv Cev vs Cov Ntsiab Hloov Hloov
Cov lus ntu ntu ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog ib qho kev npaj ntawm txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg paub raws li lawv cov lej atomic. Muaj kab lossis ntu thiab kab lossis pawg hauv lub rooj ntu ntu. Muaj cov kev hloov pauv nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg ua tus neeg sawv cev thiab cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev thiab cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv yog cov neeg sawv cev yog cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv pawg 1, pawg 2 thiab hauv pab pawg los ntawm 13 txog 18 qhov kev hloov pauv yog cov tshuaj hauv pawg 3 mus rau pawg 12 suav nrog Lanthanides thiab Actinides.
Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Cov Ntsiab Lus yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus sawv cev yog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv pawg 1, pawg 2 thiab hauv pawg ntawm 13 txog 18. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem hu ua "pab pawg A ntsiab lus" lossis "s thaiv thiab p thaiv cov ntsiab lus" lossis "lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb pab pawg ", lub ntsiab lus sawv cev muaj xws li cov pawg hauv qab no ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg;
S thaiv cov ntsiab lus (Alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau)
S thaiv cov ntsiab lus muaj lawv cov valence electrons nyob rau sab nraud s orbitals thiab muaj ob hom alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau nrog rau hydrogen thiab helium. Alkali hlau yog pawg 1 cov ntsiab lus (tsis suav nrog hydrogen) thaum alkali ntiaj teb hlau yog pawg 2 cov ntsiab lus. Cov hlau no muaj npe xws li vim lawv tsim cov ntsiab lus los yog alkaline. Alkali hlau muaj xws li Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, thiab Francium. Alkaline ntiaj teb hlau muaj xws li Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, thiab Radium.
Daim duab 01: Kev Npaj Tus Neeg Sawv Cev thiab Kev Hloov Pauv hauv Lub Sijhawm Sijhawm
P thaiv cov ntsiab lus (nonmetals, halogens, noble gases)
P thaiv cov ntsiab lus muaj lawv cov valence electrons nyob rau sab nraud p orbitals. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntsiab lus p block yog nonmetals, suav nrog qee cov ntsiab lus metalloid (tsis suav nrog Helium, vim nws yog s block element). Muaj qhov sib txawv raws sijhawm raws sijhawm thiab nqes cov pab pawg hauv p block. Metalloids muaj xws li boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, thiab tellurium. Noble gases yog pawg 18 cov ntsiab lus (uas tau ua tiav kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob). Lwm tus yog nonmetals.
Txoj Kev Hloov Pauv yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov khoom tsis sib xws d electrons tsawg kawg hauv cov cation ruaj khov uas tuaj yeem tsim. Tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv yog cov hlau. Lawv muaj lawv cov valence electrons nyob rau sab nraud d orbitals. Yog li, tag nrho cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm pawg 3 mus rau pawg 12 yog cov hlau hloov pauv tsis suav nrog zinc (vim zinc tsis muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws thiab Zn + 2 kuj tsis muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws. +2 yog tib qho chaw ruaj khov ntawm zinc).
Yuav luag txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hlau muaj ntau lub xeev oxidation ruaj khov hauv cov tebchaw sib txawv. Tag nrho cov tebchaw no muaj yeeb yuj heev. Thiab tseem, cov ntawv sau npe uas muaj tib txoj kev hloov pauv nrog lub xeev oxidation sib txawv tuaj yeem muaj xim sib txawv raws li lub xeev oxidation (cov xim ntawm cov cation sib txawv nrog lub xeev oxidation ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg). Yog vim li cas rau cov xim no yog lub xub ntiag ntawm unpaired d electrons (nws tso cai rau cov electrons dhia los ntawm ib tug orbital mus rau lwm yam los ntawm absorbing zog. Thaum cov electrons rov qab los rau lub orbital yav dhau los, nws emits lub zog absorbed raws li pom lub teeb).
Daim duab 02: Txawv Oxidation xeev tsim los ntawm Kev Hloov Cov Hlau
Lanthanides thiab Actinides tseem muaj npe hu ua "cov hlau hloov pauv sab hauv" vim tias lawv cov valence electrons nyob rau hauv lawv cov f orbitals ntawm penultimate electron plhaub. Cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem pom hauv f block ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm.
Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Hloov Pauv yog dab tsi?
Tus Neeg Sawv Cev vs Cov Txheej Txheem Hloov Pauv |
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| Cov ntsiab lus sawv cev yog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv pawg 1, pawg 2 thiab hauv pawg ntawm 13 txog 18. | Kev hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus yog cov khoom siv tshuaj uas tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke d electrons tsawg kawg hauv cov cation ruaj khov uas tuaj yeem tsim. |
| Cov tswv cuab | |
| Cov ntsiab lus sawv cev suav nrog s thaiv thiab p thaiv cov ntsiab lus. | Cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv suav nrog d thaiv thiab f thaiv cov ntsiab lus. |
| pab pawg | |
| Cov neeg sawv cev muaj nyob hauv pawg 1, pawg 2, thiab hauv pawg 13 txog 18. | Txoj kev hloov pauv muaj nyob hauv pawg 3 txog 12. |
| Feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaw tsim los ntawm cov khoom sawv cev tsis muaj xim. | Tag nrho cov tebchaw tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv muaj xim. |
Summary – Tus Neeg Sawv Cev vs Cov Txheej Txheem Hloov Pauv
Cov ntsiab lus sawv cev yog cov pab pawg tseem ceeb uas suav nrog cov hlau alkali, alkaline ntiaj teb hlau, nonmetals thiab cov pa roj zoo. Kev hloov pauv hlau yog nyob rau hauv d block thiab f block ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev thiab cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv yog tias, cov neeg sawv cev cov ntsiab lus yog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv pawg 1, pawg 2 thiab hauv pawg ntawm 13 txog 18 qhov kev hloov pauv yog cov tshuaj hauv pawg 3 mus rau pawg 12 suav nrog Lanthanides thiab Actinides.
