Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - IPS Cells vs Embryonic Stem Cells
Muaj ntau hom qia hlwb uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg hauv cov ntaub so ntswg engineering thiab kho qhov txhab. Ntawm lawv, embryonic qia hlwb ua haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab zoo tshaj plaws qia cell vim lawv yog ib txwm pluripotent. Pluripotency yog lub peev xwm ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes kom sib txawv rau ntau lossis txhua hom cell hauv ib tus neeg laus lub cev. Tib neeg embryonic qia hlwb muaj peev xwm sib txawv rau ntau tshaj 200 hom cell tshwj xeeb pom hauv tib neeg. Lawv raug cais tawm ntawm cov cell loj hauv vitro fertilized embryo uas muaj hnub nyoog ob peb hnub thiab siv rau cov ntaub so ntswg engineering thiab kho kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj teeb meem kev coj ncaj ncees ntsig txog embryonic qia hlwb, cov kws tshawb fawb sim tsim cov pluripotent qia hlwb hauv vitro los ntawm inducing cov noob qhia ntawm cov laus somatic hlwb. Lawv hu ua induced pluripotent qia hlwb (IPS hlwb). Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm IPS hlwb thiab embryonic qia hlwb yog induced pluripotent qia hlwb yog cov laus somatic hlwb uas yog generated thiab genetically reprogrammed mus ua hauj lwm raws li embryonic qia hlwb thiab ua pluripotent thaum embryonic qia hlwb yog lawm pluripotent.
IPS Cells yog dab tsi?
Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS cells) yog cov hlwb uas tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ua cov kab mob pluripotent qia hlwb hu ua embryonic qia hlwb. Cov hlwb no yog tsim nyob rau hauv vitro tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub labs. Gene qhia ntawm cov neeg laus cell yog reprogrammed los induce sib txawv nyob rau hauv induced pluripotent qia hlwb. Li no, IPS hlwb qhia tib lub zog xws li embryonic qia hlwb xws li kev rov ua dua tus kheej, sib txawv, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis IPS hlwb tsis zoo ib yam rau ES hlwb raws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kws kho mob.
IPS hlwb tau tsim thawj zaug hauv Kyoto University, Nyiv los ntawm Shinya Yamanaka thiab pab pawg hauv xyoo 2006. Lawv tau siv nas fibroblasts los tsim IPS hlwb thiab cov noob xa tuaj siv cov kab mob retroviruses ua vectors. Qhov thib ob, IPS hlwb tau tsim nyob rau hauv 2007 siv tib neeg lub hlwb. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tsim IPS hlwb uas yuav luag zoo ib yam rau ES hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los siv cov IPS hlwb kom nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo rau kev kho ntawm tes.
Thaum lub sijhawm reprogramming ntawm fibroblast los tsim IPS hlwb, induction ntawm ES cell genes thiab suppression ntawm fibroblast noob yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo thiab ua kom raug. Txwv tsis pub, cov cell tshwm sim yuav tsis ua haujlwm li ES hlwb.
ES cov hlwb muaj kev xav txog kev coj ncaj ncees. Nws tuaj yeem zam tau los ntawm IPS hlwb. IPS hlwb yooj yim siv piv rau ES hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm IPS muaj ntau qhov kev sib tw xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev tso genomic, tsis tiav reprogramming, thiab lwm yam. Muaj lub caij nyoog qhia txog kev hloov pauv raws li ib feem ntawm kev tsim. DNA methylation yog ib qho kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb hauv cov hlwb mus rau thiab tawm cov noob thiab tswj cov kev qhia gene. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho ntawm IPS hlwb ib yam li thaum lub sij hawm genetic reprogramming. Li no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los saib cov qauv methylation ntawm ES hlwb thiab txhim kho tib cov qauv hauv IPS hlwb kom tsim tau zoo ib yam IPS hlwb nrog ES hlwb. Tsuas yog IPS hlwb tuaj yeem ntseeg siab thiab nyab xeeb hloov ES hlwb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kho.
Cov hlwb no tseem tsis tau siv rau hauv tib neeg kev kho mob. Lawv tseem siv rau hauv kev sim tsiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, ib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim IPS hlwb yog siv rau cov neeg mob Parkinson thiab tom qab ntawd rau kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntau txoj kev kho kab mob.
Daim duab 01: Induced pluripotent qia cell txoj kev loj hlob
Dab tsi yog embryonic Stem Cells?
Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) yog cov hlwb uas tsis muaj qhov sib txawv uas pom muaj nyob hauv cov cell loj ntawm cov embryo tsim. Lawv muaj lub peev xwm ntawm tus kheej rov ua dua tshiab thiab sib txawv rau txhua hom cell ntawm tus neeg laus. Yog li ntawd, lawv raug hu ua pluripotent qia hlwb thiab. Kev faib cov cell sai sai ua rau lawv tsim nyog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kho qhov txhab. Cov kab mob embryonic loj hlob feem ntau rau hauv peb txheej txheej kab mob xws li ectoderm, endoderm, thiab mesoderm uas tom qab sib txawv rau ntau hom tib neeg lub cev ntawm tes. Yog li ntawd, ES hlwb yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj regenerative.
ES hlwb raug cais tawm ntawm cov qe qe hauv vitro fertilized uas yog tsim los rau ob peb hnub qub embryo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias lo lus no 'embryonic qia hlwb' tsis yog siv los hais txog cov qia hlwb tau los ntawm embryo tsim hauv poj niam lub cev. Cov qia hlwb coj los ntawm ob peb hnub qub embryo tau khaws cia hauv cov chaw sim ua embryonic qia cell kab. Yog tias muaj cov xwm txheej zoo, nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov qia hlwb tsis sib xws hauv cov chaw sim.
Cov qia hlwb yog cov progenitors ntawm txhua hom cell ntawm lub cev nrog rau cov leeg, paj hlwb, daim siab thiab ntau lwm cov hlwb. Yog tias cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm coj tau qhov sib txawv ntawm tes hauv vitro khaws cia ES hlwb kom raug, lawv tuaj yeem siv cov hlwb los kho qee yam kab mob xws li ntshav qab zib, kev raug mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, mob plawv, thiab tsis pom kev thiab hnov lus thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 02: Tib neeg embryonic qia hlwb
Qhov txawv ntawm IPS Cells thiab Embryonic Stem Cells yog dab tsi?
IPS Cells vs Embryonic Stem Cells |
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| IPS hlwb yog cov hlwb tsim tawm hauv vitro los ntawm reprogramming cov neeg laus somatic hlwb kom ua raws li ES hlwb. | Cov qia hlwb uas cais tawm ntawm ob peb hnub qub embryo yog hu ua embryonic qia hlwb. |
| Kev cais tawm ntawm Embryo | |
| IPS Cells tsis yog embryonic hlwb. | ES hlwb yog cov hlwb embryonic. |
| Pluripotency | |
| IPS hlwb yog cov hlwb dag pluripotent. | ES cells yog pluripotent cells |
Summary – IPS Cells vs Embryonic Stem Cells
IPS hlwb ua raws li ES hlwb. Tab sis lawv tsis zoo ib yam rau ES hlwb. Ob hom cell qhia pluripotency. Ob hom cell muaj peev xwm siv tau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg engineering thiab kho kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov hlwb no hauv kev kho tib neeg cov kab mob tseem tsis tau siv vim yog teeb meem kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev nyab xeeb. IPS yog tsim los ntawm genetically reprogramming cov neeg laus hlwb. Lawv tsis cais tawm ntawm lub embryo. ES hlwb raug cais tawm ntawm cov qe qe hauv vitro uas muaj hnub nyoog ob peb hnub. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm IPS hlwb thiab embryonic qia hlwb.
