Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Xaiv tau tus cim vs tus neeg sau xov xwm Gene
Cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho caj ces yog siv los hloov cov noob tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob mus rau lwm yam kabmob. Kev tso cov noob txawv teb chaws mus rau lwm lub cev genome thiab ua rau nws nthuav tawm hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv kev hloov cov noob. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov pauv, cov cim xaiv tau thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm gene yog siv nyob rau hauv cov molecule recombinant. Cov cim xaiv tau yog DNA ib ntus lossis cov noob uas nthuav tawm thiab xaiv cov hlwb hloov pauv los ntawm cov hlwb uas tsis hloov pauv. Ib tus neeg sau xov xwm gene yog lwm cov noob uas yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov hlwb hloov pauv thiab txheeb xyuas lossis txheeb xyuas seb cov noob tso ua haujlwm li cas hauv tus tswv tsev. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov cim xaiv tau thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm gene yog cov cim xaiv tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov hlwb uas tsis hloov pauv thiab qhia cov hlwb hloov pauv thaum tus neeg sau xov xwm gene yog siv los ntsuas cov qib ntawm cov noob qhia hauv tus tswv.
Tus cim xaiv tau yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv genetic engineering, cov noob ntawm kev txaus siab tau muab tso rau hauv cov vector tsim nyog thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua tiav tsuas yog hauv cov tswv tsev muaj peev xwm, thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tswv cuab lub hlwb kom tsis lees txais cov DNA txawv teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, kev sib txawv ntawm cov hloov pauv thiab cov hlwb tsis hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb kom txuas ntxiv nrog kev sim ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb suav nrog cov cim cim npe xaiv tau rau vector kom yooj yim xaiv cov hlwb hloov los ntawm cov hlwb uas tsis hloov pauv. Cov cim xaiv tau yog DNA ib ntus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov noob muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov hlwb hloov pauv. Cov cim cim npe no nthuav tawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas haum rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb uas tsis hloov pauv ntawm cov xov xwm.
Feem ntau cov cim xaiv tau siv hauv molecular biology yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib hom tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tau muab tso rau hauv vector thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov cell tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob hauv tsev. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb no tau muab tso rau hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov kab mob loj hlob. Vim lub xub ntiag ntawm cov cim xaiv, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej xaiv, tsuas yog cov hlwb uas muaj cov cim xaiv uas tsim nyog tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob. Cov hlwb tsis hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob nruab nrab. Yog li ntawd, vim yog cov cim xaiv tau uas yog tshuaj tua kab mob, cov hlwb hloov tau yooj yim txheeb xyuas.
Cov noob uas pom zoo rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv los ua cov cim xaiv hauv cloning vectors hauv cov noob caj noob ces engineering. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev xaiv cov cim rau hauv cov kab mob hloov pauv caj ces muaj qhov tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg. Kev tso tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tib neeg cov kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem paug cov khoom lossis biomass los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tuaj yeem poob qhov kev xaiv siab vim yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob degradation thiab inactivation.
Daim duab 01: Plasmid vector rau cov noob hloov nrog cov cim xaiv tau
Tus neeg sau xov xwm Gene yog dab tsi?
Cov noob caj noob ces yog cov noob uas ua kom pom lossis ntsuas qhov ntsuas cov noob qhia. Cov noob neeg sau xov xwm no tuaj yeem txuas nrog rau kev tswj hwm kab ke ntawm cov noob ntawm kev txaus siab los qhia qhov chaw qhia lossis qib. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm qhia cov noob nyob rau hauv tib tus neeg txhawb nqa, lawv tau hloov mus rau hauv ib qho mRNA ib ntu thiab tom qab ntawd muab txhais ua cov protein uas tuaj yeem qhia txog qib ntawm cov noob qhia.
Cov neeg sau xov xwm cov noob muaj ntau yam, thiab lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv uas pom tau tias feem ntau koom nrog fluorescent thiab luminescent proteins. Cov noob caj noob ces code fluorescent protein thiab enzymes, hloov tsis pom cov substrates rau luminescent los yog xim cov khoom los ntawm kev taw qhia txog cov noob tau zoo thiab muab lub sijhawm rau kev txheeb xyuas cov noob qhia.
Daim duab 02: Tus Neeg Tshaj Tawm Gene Qhia
Qhov txawv ntawm Selectable Marker thiab Reporter Gene yog dab tsi?
Xaiv tau tus cim vs tus neeg sau xov xwm Gene |
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| Cov cim xaiv tau yog hom DNA kab ke uas pab kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hlwb uas tsis hloov pauv. | Tus neeg sau xov xwm gene yog ib lub noob uas pab kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov noob tso rau hauv tus tswv tsev cell. |
| Nature of Units Produced | |
| Cov noob yog encoded nrog cov yam ntxwv uas pab hauv kev xaiv khoom cuav ntawm cov xov xwm loj hlob. | Cov noob yog encoded nrog cov yam ntxwv pom qhov pom. |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov noob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam yog cov piv txwv rau cov cim xaiv. | Genes code rau ntsuab fluorescent protein, β-glucuronidase, Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, Liab fluorescent protein, thiab lwm yam yog piv txwv. |
Summary – Selectable Marker vs Reporter Gene
Cov cim xaiv tau tso cai rau cov hlwb hloov pauv kom loj hlob hauv cov xov xwm xaiv uas tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb lossis tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv yog siv rau thaum ntxov xaiv ntawm hloov pauv hlwb. Cov noob caj noob ces yog siv los ntsuas cov theem ntawm kev qhia ntawm cov noob xav tau tso. Lawv kuj tso cai rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb hloov pauv thiab tsis hloov pauv. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cim xaiv tau thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm gene. Ob lub cim xaiv tau thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm gene yog suav tias yog cov cim tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho caj ces.
