Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Cytogenetics vs Molecular Genetics
Kev tshawb fawb txog noob caj noob ces tshawb nrhiav cov yam ntxwv li cas dhau los ntawm ib tiam mus rau tiam tom ntej ntawm genomes. Cytogenetics thiab Molecular genetics yog ob txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav caj ces, uas kawm chromosomes thiab noob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cytogenetics thiab molecular genetics yog tias cytogenetics yog kev kawm txog cov lej thiab cov qauv ntawm chromosomes siv microscopic tsom xam whereas molecular noob caj noob ces yog kev kawm ntawm noob thiab chromosomes ntawm DNA molecule theem siv DNA technology.
YCytogenetics yog dab tsi?
Chromosomes yog tus tsav lub zog ntawm kev tsim hauv cov hlwb. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob uas tau txais los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm tus lej chromosomal thiab cov qauv feem ntau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces uas yuav dhau mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tag nrho cov chromosomes nyob rau hauv ib lub cell thiab chromosomal anomalies yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev kho mob noob caj noob ces thiab kev tshawb fawb molecular. Chromosomal abnormalities ib txwm tshwm sim thaum lub cell faib thiab pauv mus rau lub cell tshiab.
Chromosomes yog tsim los ntawm DNA thiab cov proteins. Yog li, cov kev hloov hauv chromosomes tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov noob encoded rau cov proteins uas yuav ua rau cov proteins tsis raug. Cov kev hloov no tsim cov kab mob caj ces, kev yug me nyuam, cov tsos mob, mob qog noj ntshav thiab lwm yam. Kev tshawb fawb txog chromosomes thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv tuaj raws li lub sij hawm cytogenetics. Yog li cytogenetics tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog ib ceg ntawm cov noob caj noob ces uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tsom xam ntawm tus lej, qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv hauv chromosomes ntawm lub xovtooj. Muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv ua hauv cytogenetic tsom xam raws li hauv qab no.
Karyotyping - Cov txheej txheem uas pom cov chromosomes ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes hauv lub tshuab ntsuas kom txheeb xyuas tus lej thiab cov qauv ntawm chromosomes
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) - Cov txheej txheem uas kuaj pom qhov muaj, qhov chaw thiab luam cov lej ntawm cov noob hauv metaphase chromosomes txhawm rau kuaj xyuas ntau yam kab mob caj ces thiab chromosomal abnormalities
Array-raws li kev sib piv genomic hybridization - Cov txheej txheem tsim los tshuaj xyuas cov lej hloov pauv thiab chromosomal abnormalities
Kev tshawb fawb Cytogenetic qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm tus lej chromosomal thiab cov qauv. Cytogenetic tsom xam yog ib txwm ua thaum cev xeeb tub los txiav txim seb tus menyuam hauv plab puas muaj kev nyab xeeb nrog chromosomal anomalies. Ib tug tib neeg cell muaj 22 autosomal chromosome khub thiab ib khub ntawm kev sib deev chromosomes (tag nrho ntawm 46 chromosomes). Ib qho txawv txav ntawm cov chromosomes tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ib lub cell; lub xeev no hu ua aneuploidy. Hauv tib neeg, Down Syndrome thiab Turner Syndrome yog vim muaj tus lej ntawm chromosomes. Trisomy ntawm chromosome 21 ua rau Down syndrome thiab tsis muaj ib qho kev sib deev chromosome ua rau Turner syndrome. Karyotyping yog ib qho txheej txheem cytogenetic uas txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob saum toj no hauv tib neeg.
Cov kev tshawb fawb Cytogenetic tseem muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev sib tham txog kev yug me nyuam, kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm qee yam kab mob (leukemia, lymphoma thiab qog) thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Down syndrome karyotype
Molecular Genetics yog dab tsi?
Molecular genetics yog hais txog kev kawm txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob ntawm qib molecular. Nws cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm ntawm chromosomes thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv DNA. Kev paub txog cov noob caj noob ces, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob thiab kev hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab thiab kho kab mob thiab rau kev loj hlob biology. DNA sequences ntawm noob yog kawm nyob rau hauv molecular noob caj noob ces. Cov kev hloov pauv sib txawv, kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab ke, qhov chaw cov noob yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo rau kev txheeb xyuas cov caj ces txawv ntawm cov tib neeg thiab ntau yam kab mob.
Molecular genetics cov tswv yim yog amplification (PCR thiab cloning), gene therapy, gene screens, cais thiab nrhiav tau ntawm DNA thiab RNA thiab lwm yam ntawm cov noob hauv cov chromosomes ntawm qib molecular. Tib neeg txoj haujlwm genome yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov noob caj noob ces.
Daim duab 2: Molecular Genetics
Qhov txawv ntawm Cytogenetics thiab Molecular Genetics yog dab tsi?
YCytogenetics vs Molecular Genetics |
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| Cytogenetics yog kev kawm ntawm chromosomes siv cov tswv yim microscopic. | Molecular genetics yog kev kawm txog cov noob ntawm qib DNA uas siv cov txheej txheem DNA thev naus laus zis. |
| Techniques | |
| Karyotyping, FISH, aCGH thiab lwm yam yog cov txheej txheem siv hauv daim teb no. | kev cais DNA, DNA amplification, Gene cloning, Gene screens thiab lwm yam yog cov txheej txheem siv ntawm no. |
Summary – Cytogenetics vs. Molecular Genetics
Cytogenetics thiab molecular noob caj noob ces yog ob subfields ntawm noob caj noob ces uas kawm chromosomes thiab noob. Qhov sib txawv ntawm Cytogenetics thiab molecular noob caj noob ces nyob rau hauv lawv lub hom phiaj; cytogenetics yog kev kawm txog cov lej thiab cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov chromosomes hauv ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes thaum molecular genetics yog kev kawm txog cov noob hauv chromosomes ntawm DNA qib. Ob qho chaw tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog kab mob caj ces, kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob thiab kev hloov pauv.
