Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Tshuaj vs Hluav Taws Xob Synapse
Tshuaj thiab hluav taws xob synapses yog cov txheej txheem lom neeg tshwj xeeb pom nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb; Lawv txuas cov neurons ua ke thiab xa cov teeb liab hla cov neurons. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tshuaj lom neeg thiab hluav taws xob synapse yog lawv txoj kev xa cov teeb liab; chemical synapse pass signals nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj molecules hu ua neurotransmitters thaum hluav taws xob synapse xa cov teeb liab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob teeb liab yam tsis siv cov molecules. Cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj synapse thiab hluav taws xob synapse kuj txawv me ntsis ntawm ib leeg vim lawv hom kev ua.
Dab tsi yog Synapse?
Ib synapse tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog tus qauv kho kom haum rau kev sib kis ntawm cov teeb liab los ntawm ib qho neuron mus rau cov neuron uas nyob ib sab. Synapses muaj nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb. Lawv tuaj yeem xa cov teeb liab hluav taws xob lossis cov cim tshuaj lom neeg. Synapses tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom tseem ceeb raws li hom teeb liab no: hluav taws xob synapse thiab tshuaj synapse. Ntawm lub synapse, kev sib txuas lus ntawm ob lub neurons los ze dua los ntawm lawv cov plasma membranes kom dhau lub teeb liab kom raug thiab ua tau zoo. Lub neuron uas xa cov teeb liab muaj lub presynaptic kawg thaum lub neuron tau txais lub teeb liab muaj qhov kawg postsynaptic. Cov xaus no tuaj yeem pom hauv axon thiab dendrite / soma feem.
Tshuaj Synapse yog dab tsi?
Chemical synapse yog cov qauv lom neeg uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm ob lub neurons lossis ntawm cov neuron thiab cov cell nonneuronal thiab nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg ntawm cov neeg xa xov chemical raws li qhia hauv daim duab 01. Cov tshuaj no hu ua neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters yog tsim thiab ntim rau hauv cov hlwv me me hu ua synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicles tau ntim nrog cov neurotransmitters thiab sib sau nyob ze ntawm presynaptic kawg ntawm presynaptic neuron. Thaum qhov kev txiav txim muaj peev xwm hloov pauv hauv presynaptic neuron membrane, cov neurotransmitters raug tso tawm los ntawm exocytosis mus rau qhov chaw hu ua synaptic cleft. Thaum cov neurotransmitters nkag mus rau hauv cov synaptic cleft, lawv khi nrog cov receptors tshwj xeeb nyob rau saum npoo ntawm postsynaptic neuron thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog hom tshuaj teeb liab kis tau tus mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj synapse; Yog li, cov qauv no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los txuas rau lub paj hlwb tsis muaj kev sib tsoo. Cov teeb liab kis tau los ntawm cov tshuaj synapse tshwm sim hauv ib qho kev taw qhia xwb.
Ib kab mob muaj ntau cov tshuaj synapse hauv nws lub paj hlwb. Ib tug neeg laus yuav muaj 1000 txog 5000 trillion chemical synapses nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Tus lej no tuaj yeem sib txawv raws hnub nyoog.
Figure_1: Tshuaj Synapse
Dab tsi yog Hluav Taws Xob Synapse?
Ib qho hluav taws xob synapse yog ib qho qauv uas ua rau ob lub paj hlwb sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg los ntawm cov teeb liab hluav taws xob yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg koom nrog. Nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob synapse, presynaptic neuron membrane thiab postsynaptic neuron membrane tuaj ze rau ib leeg thiab txuas los ntawm kev ua ib qho channel hu ua gap junction raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2. Ces lub teeb liab uas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ionic tam sim no, ntws los ntawm qhov sib txawv junction. passively, cia lub teeb liab kis tau tus mob. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txuas yog tsim los ntawm cov kab sib txuas protein hu ua connexons. Connexons yog lub raj zoo li cov proteins uas ua rau kev hla dhau ob lub neurons.
Figure_2: Connexon thiab connexin structure
Qhov txawv ntawm Tshuaj thiab Hluav Taws Xob Synapse yog dab tsi?
Tshuaj vs Hluav Taws Xob Synapse |
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| Hauv tshuaj synapse, teeb liab kis tau los ntawm cov tshuaj molecules hu ua neurotransmitters. | Nyob hauv hluav taws xob synapse, cov teeb liab kis tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob cov cim tsis siv cov molecules. |
| Kev hloov kho cov teeb liab | |
| Signals raug hloov kho thaum lub sijhawm xa mus. | Signals tsis hloov thaum lub sijhawm xa mus. |
| Tso Tawm Teebmeem | |
| Neurotransmitters raug tso tawm los ntawm exocytosis thiab diffused nyob rau hauv lub synapsis cleft thiab ces khi rau receptors. | Electric signal pass via gap junctions. |
| Nyob ntawm Ob Neurons | |
| Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov ua ntej thiab postsynaptic xaus yog qhov loj dua. | Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov ua ntej thiab postsynaptic kawg yog qhov tsawg heev. |
| Kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb liab | |
| Xaiv kis tau tus mob tsuas yog mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia xwb. | Xov tooj cua tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ob qho kev qhia. |
| Kev siv hluav taws xob | |
| Kev xa hluav taws xob xav tau lub zog. Yog li nws yog tus txheej txheem nquag. | Signal kis tau tshwm sim yam tsis siv lub zog. Yog li nws yog ib txoj kev passive. |
| Kev kis ceev | |
| Signal kis tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm. | Xaiv kis tau sai heev. |
Summary – Chemical vs Electrical Synapse
Muaj ob hom kev sib txuas tseem ceeb hu ua tshuaj thiab hluav taws xob synapses. Chemical synapse siv cov tshuaj hu ua neurotransmitters los xa cov teeb liab raws li cov neurons thiab pab txhawb kev sib kis ntawm unidirectional. Hluav taws xob synapse siv cov ionic tam sim no los xa cov teeb liab raws cov neurons thiab pab txhawb kev sib kis ntawm ob qho tib si. Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ob lub neurons hauv cov tshuaj synapse yog qhov loj dua thiab hu ua synaptic cleft. Neurotransmitters yog diffused nyob rau hauv lub synaptic cleft txog thaum lawv pom lawv cov receptors tshwj xeeb. Ob lub neurons nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob synapse lub cev txuas nrog ib leeg los ntawm qhov sib txawv junctions; yog li no, qhov chaw me me heev.
