Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Hlau vs Metalloids
Ob qho tib si hlau thiab metalloids yog ib feem ntawm lub rooj zaum, tab sis qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem pom ntawm lawv raws li lawv cov khoom. Cov lus Periodic muaj peb hom ntsiab lus; hlau, non-metals, thiab metalloids. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom yog hlau, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv yog metalloids. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab metalloids tuaj yeem pom meej meej thaum peb saib xyuas lawv cov khoom. Cov hlau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb me me xws li ci ci ci, qhov ntom ntom, siab melting cov ntsiab lus thiab hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, metalloids muaj cov khoom hlau thiab cov khoom tsis yog hlau. Cov hlau yog nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm thaum metalloids nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau thiab tsis yog hlau.
xiav - hlau, liab - tsis yog hlau, ntsuab - metalloids
Hlau yog dab tsi?
Hais txog 75% ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv lub rooj zaum yog hlau. Lawv raug categorized nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj raws li ib tug yam ntxwv; Actinide Metals, Lanthanide Metals, alkali Metals, alkaline-lub ntiaj teb hlau, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, thiab cov hlau hloov pauv. Qee cov hlau zoo li kub thiab nyiaj kuj tseem kim vim tias tsawg dua hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Cov hlau muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb xws li hlau nplaum, hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob conductivity, siab melting ntsiab lus thiab reactivity nrog lwm yam. Qee cov hlau tsim alloys nrog lwm cov hlau; lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Gallium
Metalloids yog dab tsi?
Metalloids nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug stair-theem kab sib cais hlau (sab laug sab ntawm lub periodic rooj) los ntawm cov uas tsis yog-hlau (sab xis ntawm lub periodic rooj). Lawv qhia ob qho tib si metallic thiab non-metallic zog. Piv txwv li, metalloids tuaj yeem ci ntsa iab li hlau lossis npub li cov hlau tsis yog hlau. Metalloids xws li Silicon thiab Germanium nthuav tawm cov khoom semiconductor nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb; yog li lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Silicon
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Cov Hlau thiab Metalloids?
Cov Khoom Ntawm Cov Hlau thiab Metalloids:
Metalloids muaj cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis yog hlau. Hauv lwm lo lus, qee cov metalloids qhia cov khoom siv hlau thaum qee qhov qhia tsis yog xim hlau.
Zoo:
Metals: Feem ntau, cov hlau yog cov khoom ci ntsa iab.
Metalloids: Qee cov metalloids xws li Silicon (Si) muaj cov xim hlau zoo nkauj.
Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau thiab metalloids:
Metals:
Metals muaj tus nqi siab dua rau qhov ntom ntom thiab melting point.
Lawv yog cov cua sov thiab hluav taws xob zoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim rau hauv cov xov hlau nyias (ductile) lossis cov ntawv loj (malleable).
Txhua cov hlau tshwj tsis yog cov mercury, yog cov khib nyiab ntawm chav tsev kub. Mercury (Hg) yog kua ntawm chav tsev kub.
Metals corrode nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob thiab maj mam muab pov tseg zoo li eroding hlau.
Feem ntau ntawm cov hlau yog cov reactive heev, lawv sai sai oxidize thaum raug huab cua thiab tsim ib txheej ntawm cov hlau nto. Hlau oxides yog yooj yim thiab ironic.
Metaloids:
Metalloid tsis muaj cov khoom ua tau zoo lossis cov khoom siv. Nws yog ib yam khoom uas tsis yog hlau.
Silicon yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm cov cua sov thiab hluav taws xob. Tab sis, Silicon thiab Germanium yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws semiconductors, uas txhais tau tias lawv ua hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv los tsim cov computers thiab tshuab xam zauv.
Piv txwv ntawm Cov Hlau thiab Metalloids:
Metals:
Alkaline hlau:
Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Ce), Francium (Fr)
Alkaline ntiaj teb hlau:
Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra)
Kev hloov pauv hlau:
Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Hlau, Cob alt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Nyiaj, Cadmium, Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten, Rhenium, Osmium, Iridium, Platinum, Kub, Mercury, Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium, Bohrium, Hassium, Meitnerium, Ununnilium, Unununium, Ununbium
Metaloids: Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (Ar), Antimony (Sb), Polonium (Po), Tellurium (Te)
Kev Siv Cov Hlau thiab Metalloids:
Metals: Cov hlau siv ntau lub teb nyob ntawm lawv cov khoom; Lawv siv rau hauv cov khoom siv ua noj, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, engineering thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov tshuab, thiab cov xov hluav taws xob thiab tseem siv rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab zaub mov me me.
Metalloids: Metalloids muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam semiconductor vim lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb (lawv tsuas yog qee qhov hluav taws xob hauv qee qhov xwm txheej).
Image Courtesy: "Metalli, semimetalli, nonmetalli" los ntawm Riccardo Rovinetti - Tus kheej ua haujlwm.(CC BY-SA 3.0) ntawm Wikimedia Commons "Gallium crystals" los ntawm en:user:foobar - Tus kheej ua haujlwm.(CC BY- SA 3.0) ntawm Commons "SiliconCroda" los ntawm Thawj uploader yog Enricoros ntawm en.wikipedia - Hloov los ntawm en.wikipedia. (Public Domain) via Commons
