Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Hardness vs Toughness
Hardness thiab Toughness, txawm hais tias ob lo lus yog synonyms raws li ib co qauv dictionaries, muaj ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv science. Feem ntau, ib qho khoom siv, nyob ntawm qhov quab yuam siv rau nws, nthuav tawm peb hom kev hloov pauv; elastic hloov, hloov yas, thiab feem. Rau cov khoom siv, hardness thiab toughness qhov tseem ceeb nyob ntawm qhov elasticity, plasticity thiab feem. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hardness thiab toughness yog tias ob yam khoom ntawm cov khoom no muaj kev sib raug zoo. Rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb; Thaum hardness nce, toughness txo. Hardness yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov khoom tsis kam mus tas li deformation. Toughness yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov deformation ntau npaum li cas cov khoom siv tuaj yeem dhau mus ua ntej fracturing. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias hardness thiab toughness muaj kev sib raug zoo. Rau ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb; hardness nce raws li toughness txo.
Hardness yog dab tsi?
Hardness yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv rau cov yas deformation. Cov cuab yeej no zoo sib xws nrog lub zog; muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv khawb, puas, indentation, lossis nkag. Cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj yog; ceramics, pob zeb, thiab qee cov hlau.
Pob zeb diamond yog cov khoom siv ntuj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Dab tsi yog Toughness?
Toughness yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov deformation ntau npaum li cas, cov khoom tuaj yeem ua ntej tawg. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus ob qho tib si yas thiab elastic deformations. Cov khoom siv zoo no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov qauv thiab lub tshuab ua haujlwm kom tiv taus kev poob siab thiab kev co. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv tawv yog, manganese, wrought hlau thiab me me hlau. Piv txwv li, yog tias peb siv lub nra hnyav rau ib qho me me ntawm cov hlau thiab lub khob, cov khoom siv hlau yuav nqus tau ntau dua li lub khob ua ntej nws tawg. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hlau me me tau hais tias yuav nyuaj dua li cov khoom siv iav.
Manganese
Qhov txawv ntawm Hardness thiab Toughness yog dab tsi?
Definition of Hardness and Toughness
Hardness: Hardness yog qhov ntsuas uas ntsuas cov khoom siv tiv thaiv zoo li cas kom hloov pauv mus tas li thaum siv lub zog compressive. Cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj feem ntau muaj zog intermolecular rog. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv sab nraud yam tsis tau hloov lawv cov duab mus tas li.
Muaj ntau qhov kev ntsuas ntawm hardness, kom nkag siab txog tus cwj pwm nyuaj ntawm cov teeb meem hauv lub zog. Lawv yog khawb hardness, indentation hardness, thiab rebound hardness.
Toughness: Hauv cov khoom siv science thiab metallurgy, toughness yog piav raws li lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los nqus lub zog kom deform plastically tsis tawg. Nws kuj tau hais tias yog qhov tsis kam rau deforming plastically, ua ntej tawg thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab. Qee zaum, nws txhais tau tias yog lub zog ntawm ib chav tsev ntim uas cov khoom tuaj yeem nqus tau yam tsis muaj kev tawg.
SI units=joule per cubic meter (J m−3)
Khoom thiab Piv txwv ntawm Hardness thiab Toughness
Hardness: Cov khoom siv tawv tuaj yeem khawb cov khoom muag. Hardness nyob ntawm lwm yam khoom siv xws li ductility, elasticity, plasticity, strain, zog, toughness thiab viscosity. Pob zeb diamond yog cov khoom siv ntuj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj yog ceramics, pob zeb, thiab qee cov hlau.
Toughness: Cov khoom tawv tuaj yeem nqus tau ntau lub zog yam tsis muaj kev tawg; yog li cov ntaub ntawv tawv yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab ductility. Cov ntaub ntawv brittle muaj tus nqi qis dua rau toughness. Manganese, wrought hlau, thiab hlau me me yog suav tias yog cov ntaub ntawv tawv.
Hardness thiab Toughness Tests
Hardness: Peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm hardness qhov tseem ceeb yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev sib txawv los ntsuas khawb hardness, indentation hardness thiab rebound hardness.
| Type | Ncua kev ntsuas / ntsuas |
| Khw hardness | Sclerometer - Mohs nplai thiab hnab tshos tawv tester |
| Indentation hardness | Rockwell, Vickers, Ntug Dej, thiab Brinell nplai |
| Rebound hardness | Scleroscope |
Toughness: Txoj kev yooj yim ntawm kev ntsuas tus nqi toughness ntawm cov khoom siv tsuas yog ntsuas lub zog xav tau los rhuav tshem cov khoom. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov qauv me me ntawm cov khoom siv, ib qho loj me me nrog lub tshuab ntaus ntawv. Txoj kev no tsis tuaj yeem siv rau txhua yam ntaub ntawv, tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom uas raug kev kub ntxhov. (feem ntau yog hlau).
Image Courtesy: "Diamonds" los ntawm Swamibu (CC BY 2.0) via Commons "Mangan 1-crop" los ntawm Tomihahndorf - Mangan 1.jpg.(CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons "Stress-strain1" los ntawm Moondoggy - [1]. (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons
