Qhov tseem ceeb - Thawj vs Thib Ob Ionization Zog (I1E vs I2E)
Ua ntej txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm thawj thiab thib ob ionization zog, cia peb tham ua ntej seb lub zog ionization yog dab tsi. Feem ntau, lub zog ionization yog hu ua lub zog uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm cov atom gaseous lossis ib qho ion. Txij li thaum electrons tau txais kev nyiam rau lub nucleus zoo, lub zog yuav tsum tau muab rau cov txheej txheem no. Qhov no suav hais tias yog txheej txheem endothermic. Lub zog ionization tau qhia hauv kJ mol-1 Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thawj thiab thib ob ionization zog yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws piav qhia hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus; Lub zog absorbed los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab, gaseous atom los tsim ib tug +1 them ion (kom tshem tawm ib tug electron) yog hu ua thawj ionization zog whereas lub zog absorbed los ntawm ib tug zoo charged (+1) gaseous ion los tsim ion nrog ib tug +2 nqi yog hu ua thib ob ionization zog. Lub zog ionization yog xam rau 1 mol ntawm atoms lossis ions. Hauv lwm lo lus; thawj ionization zog cuam tshuam rau nruab nrab gaseous atoms thiab lub zog ionization thib ob cuam tshuam rau cov roj ions nrog tus nqi (+1). Qhov loj ntawm lub zog ionization txawv nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub nucleus, qhov deb ntawm daim ntawv electron ntawm lub nucleus thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons ntawm lub nucleus thiab lub plhaub sab nrauv electrons.
Dab tsi yog Thawj Ionization Zog (I 1 E)?
thawj lub zog ionization txhais tau tias yog lub zog nqus los ntawm 1 mol ntawm nruab nrab gaseous atoms kom tshem tawm cov feem ntau xoob khi electron ntawm atom los tsim 1 mol ntawm gaseous ions nrog +1 nqi. Qhov loj ntawm thawj ionization zog nce raws ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj thiab txo nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg neeg. Thawj ionization zog muaj periodicity; nws muaj tib tus qauv pheej rov ua raws lub sij hawm.
Ib tug thib ob Ionization zog yog dab tsi (I2E)?
Lub zog ionization thib ob txhais tau hais tias lub zog nqus los ntawm 1 mol ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo los tsim 1 mol ntawm gaseous ions nrog +2 tus nqi, los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob xoob xoob ntawm +1 ion. Lub zog ionization thib ob kuj qhia tau tias muaj sijhawm.
Qhov txawv ntawm Thawj thiab Thib Ob Ionization Zog (I 1E thiab I2E)?
Definition of First and Second Ionization Zog
Thawj ionization zog (I 1 E): Lub zog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob xoob feem ntau los ntawm 1 mol ntawm gaseous atoms los tsim 1 mol ntawm gaseous ions nrog qhov zoo. nqi (+1).
X (g) X+ (g) + e–
(1 mol) (1 mol) (1 mol)
Thib ob ionization zog (I 2 E): Lub zog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob xoob feem ntau los ntawm 1 mol ntawm gaseous ions nrog +1 nqi los tsim mol ntawm gaseous ions nrog +2 nqi.
X+ (g) X2+ (g) + e–
(1 mol) (1 mol) (1 mol)
Yam ntxwv ntawm Thawj thiab Thib Ob Ionization Zog
Kev xav tau lub zog
Feem ntau tshem tawm thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm lub xeev hauv av gaseous atom yog yooj yim dua li tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob thib ob los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Yog li, thawj lub zog ionization tsawg dua qhov thib ob ionization zog thiab lub zog sib txawv ntawm thawj thiab thib ob ionization zog yog qhov loj heev.
| Element | Thawj ionization zog (I1E) / kJ mol-1 | Second ionization zog (I2E) / kJ mol-1 |
| Hydrogen (H) | 1312 | |
| Helium (He) | 2372 | 5250 |
| Lithium (Li) | 520 | 7292 |
| Beryllium (Be) | 899 | 1757 |
| Boron (B) | 800 | 2426 |
| Carbon (C) | 1086 | 2352 |
| Nitrogen (N) | 1402 | 2855 |
| Oxygen (O) | 1314 | 3388 |
| Fluorine (F) | 680 | 3375 |
| Neon (Ne) | 2080 | 3963 |
| Sodium (Na) | 496 | 4563 |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 737 | 1450 |
Txoj kev ntawm lub zog ionization nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm teem caij
Thawj ionization zog (I 1 E): Thawj ionization zog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm atoms hauv txhua lub sijhawm qhia tib qhov kev hloov pauv. Magnitude ib txwm tsawg dua qhov thib ob ionization zog qhov tseem ceeb
Thib ob ionization zog (I 2 E): Qhov thib ob ionization zog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm atoms hauv txhua lub sijhawm qhia tib qhov kev hloov pauv; Cov txiaj ntsig no ib txwm siab dua thawj qhov txiaj ntsig ionization zog.
Image Courtesy:
"Ionization zog lub sijhawm lub sijhawm" los ntawm Cdang thiab Adrignola. (CC BY-SA 3.0) ntawm Wikimedia Commons
