Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic DNA Replication
Raws li tus qauv Watson thiab Crick tau pom zoo rau DNA, ib txoj hlua ntawm DNA yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lwm txoj hlua; li no txhua strand ua raws li ib tug qauv rau tsim ib tug tshiab strand ntawm DNA. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua DNA replication. Qhov kev rov ua dua ntawm DNA feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm niam txiv strands thiab lub hauv paus ua ke ntawm ob txoj hlua tshiab, kom txhua DNA molecule muaj ib qho tshiab thiab ib qho qub strand, uas belongs rau niam txiv DNA molecule. DNA replication yog txheej txheem nyuaj heev thiab koom nrog ntau lub zog ntawm tes thiab qee cov txheej txheem pov thawj. DNA polymerase yog lub ntsiab enzyme koom nrog hauv DNA replication. Qhov yooj yim ob hom replication yog conservative replication thiab semiconservative replication. Prokaryotic DNA thiab eukaryotic DNA sib txawv; yog li ua lawv cov txheej txheem rov ua dua.
Prokaryotic DNA Replication
Tsis zoo li hauv eukaryotes, muaj ib lub voj voog DNA muaj nyob hauv prokaryotes. Lub replication nyob rau hauv lub prokaryotic chromosome pib ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm replication. Thaum pib ntawm replication, enzyme lov cov hydrogen bonds ntawm ob niam txiv strands ntawm DNA ntawm keeb kwm ntawm replication, tsim lub replication diav rawg. Tom qab tsim ntawm replication diav rawg, cov strands ntawm ob helix pib unwind thiab sib cais los ntawm ib leeg. Thaum lub unwinding tshwm sim, DNA polymerase pib lub synthesis ntawm DNA tshiab strand los ntawm kev ntxiv nucleotides. Raws li qhov kev rov ua dua tshiab, cov ntaub ntawv rov qab mus rau qhov sib txawv. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab, txhua qhov tshiab ob npaug ntawm DNA muaj ib qho DNA qub thiab ib qho DNA tshiab. Thaum ob DNA molecules tau tsim, lub cell yog npaj rau binary fission.
Eukaryotic DNA Replication
Tsis zoo li hauv prokaryotes, eukaryotes muaj ntau DNA. Yog li ntawd, qhov rov ua dua ntawm DNA hauv eukaryotes yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab koom nrog ntau cov txheej txheem lom neeg. Txij li cov DNA ntau ntau, muaj ob peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm replication cov ntsiab lus, uas tsim cov npuas. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, enzymes rhuav tshem cov strands thiab pib sau nyob rau hauv opposite lus qhia ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm DNA molecule. Ntawm no, DNA polymerase synthesizes ob lub tshiab ntawm DNA. Raws li kev rov ua dua tshiab, cov nucleotides tshiab tau ntxiv rau DNA molecule loj hlob. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua ua tiav thaum cov ntawv sib dhos sib dhos sib ntsib. Thaum cov txheej txheem replication tiav, lub cell yog npaj rau mitosis.
Qhov txawv ntawm Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic DNA Replication yog dab tsi?
• Lub sijhawm ntawm DNA rov ua dua hauv eukaryotes ntev dua li hauv prokaryotes.
• Hauv eukaryotes, ntau qhov chaw replication muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub DNA molecule whereas, nyob rau hauv prokaryotes, ib replication site yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub voj DNA molecule.
• Hauv prokaryotes, DNA replication muaj peb polymerase enzymes; yog, DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase II, thiab DNA polymerase III. Hauv qhov sib piv, DNA replication ntawm eukaryotes koom nrog plaub hom polymerase enzymes; uas yog, α, β, γ, thiab δ.
• Kev ua haujlwm ntau yam ntawm DNA polymerase yog tshwj xeeb hauv eukaryotes, whereas nws muaj ntau haiv neeg hauv prokaryotes.
• Hauv eukaryotes, β-polymerase ua haujlwm raws li kev kho enzyme, qhov tsis muaj qhov kho zoo li no hauv prokaryotes.
• Nyob rau hauv prokaryotes, ob peb replication diav rawg yog tsim whereas, nyob rau hauv eukaryotes, ntau replication diav rawg yog tsim.
• Hauv prokaryotes, theta qauv raug pom thaum, hauv eukaryotes, nws tsis pom.
• Hauv eukaryotes, ntau cov khoom siv ntxiv cov proteins uas muaj ntau lub luag haujlwm tau koom nrog whereas, hauv prokaryotes, ob peb cov khoom siv proteins uas muaj cov haujlwm tsawg tau koom nrog.
• Histone sib cais thiab unwinding tshwm sim nyob rau hauv eukaryotes, thaum tsuas yog unwinding tshwm sim nyob rau hauv prokaryotes.
• Ntau cov npuas replication muaj nyob rau hauv eukaryotes, whereas tsis muaj los yog ob peb replication npuas nyob rau hauv prokaryotes.
• Hauv prokaryotes, RNA ua tus primer whereas, hauv eukaryotes, RNA lossis DNA ua tus primer.
• DNA replication hauv eukaryotes tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm lub voj voog ntawm tes, tsis zoo li hauv prokaryotes.
Nyeem ntxiv:
1. Qhov txawv ntawm Protein Synthesis thiab DNA Replication
2. Qhov txawv ntawm DNA Replication thiab Transcription
3. Qhov txawv ntawm Lagging thiab Leading Strand
4. Qhov txawv ntawm Kev Txhais Lus Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic
5. Qhov txawv ntawm Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic Ribosomes
6. Qhov txawv ntawm Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic Transcription
7. Qhov txawv ntawm Protein Synthesis hauv Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic
