Reactants vs Khoom
Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov txheej txheem rau hauv lwm cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj thaum pib yog hu ua reactants, thiab cov tshuaj tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hu ua cov khoom. Thaum ib los yog ntau dua reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom, lawv yuav mus los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov hluav taws xob sib txawv. Cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov reactants tau tawg, thiab cov ntawv cog lus tshiab tau tsim los tsim cov khoom, uas txawv kiag li ntawm cov reactants. Hom kev hloov kho tshuaj no yog hu ua tshuaj lom neeg. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los xyuas seb puas muaj tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, cua sov / cua txias, xim hloov, roj ntau lawm, tuaj yeem tsim ua ntej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog piav qhia siv cov tshuaj sib npaug. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv uas tswj cov kev tshwm sim. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom no yog cov concentrations ntawm cov reactants, catalysts, kub, hnyav los, pH, tej zaum cov khoom concentrations thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, los ntawm kev kawm thermodynamics thiab kinetics, peb muaj peev xwm kos ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus xaus txog ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab peb yuav tswj tau lawv li cas. Thermodynamics yog kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog. Nws tsuas yog txhawj xeeb nrog lub zog thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov sib npaug hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog qhov nrawm npaum li cas mus txog. Lo lus nug no yog lub ntsiab ntawm kinetics. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog qhov qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov ntsuas uas txiav txim siab sai npaum li cas lossis qeeb npaum li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis tsuas yog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xwb, muaj lwm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear, uas kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Reactants
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov tshuaj reactants yog cov tshuaj uas muaj nyob rau thaum pib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Reactants yuav tsum tau siv thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, thaum kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsis muaj reactants tshuav (yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav) los yog yuav tsum muaj tsawg dua cov reactants (yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib nrab ua tiav). Cov tshuaj xws li catalysts thiab cov kuab tshuaj kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj kev tshwm sim pib. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj no tsis haus thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog li lawv tsis categorized li reactants.
Reactants tuaj yeem yog ib qho khoom, ib qho molecule lossis sib xyaw ntawm cov molecules. Rau qee qhov kev tawm tsam, tsuas yog ib qho reactant koom nrog qhov uas rau lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tuaj yeem muaj ob peb reactants koom. Ions thiab radicals dhau los ua reactants rau qee qhov kev tawm tsam ib yam nkaus. Reactants raug muab qhab nia nyob ntawm lawv cov purity. Rau qee qhov kev tawm tsam, peb xav tau cov reactants ntshiab heev thaum, rau qee qhov kev tawm tsam, peb tsis xav tau. Qhov zoo, lub xeev, thiab lub zog ntawm cov reactants txiav txim siab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov khoom tsim tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
khoom
Cov khoom yog cov tshuaj tshiab tsim tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov reactants, thiab lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv dua li cov reactants. Cov khoom yuav muaj lub zog qis dua lossis siab zog dua li cov reactants. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsim tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txiav txim los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov reactants siv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm, tus nqi, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom yog dab tsi peb xav tom qab ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv; yog li ntawd, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los xyuas thiab ntxuav cov khoom.
Qhov txawv ntawm Reactants thiab cov khoom yog dab tsi?
• Reactants yog cov khoom siv thaum lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov khoom tsim.
• Yog li cov reactants tuaj yeem pom ua ntej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum cov khoom muaj tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. (Qee lub sij hawm cov reactants tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.)
• Cov khoom ntawm reactant thiab cov khoom sib txawv.
