YAmylose vs Cellulose
Starch yog ib qho carbohydrate uas yog categorized li polysaccharide. Thaum kaum lossis ntau dua ntawm cov monosaccharides koom nrog glycosidic bonds, lawv hu ua polysaccharides. Polysaccharides yog cov polymers thiab, yog li ntawd, muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular, feem ntau ntau dua 10000. Monosaccharide yog cov monomer ntawm cov polymer no. Muaj peev xwm muaj polysaccharides ua los ntawm ib qho monosaccharide thiab cov no hu ua homopolysaccharides. Cov no tuaj yeem raug cais raws li hom monosaccharide. Piv txwv li, yog tias monosaccharide yog piam thaj, ces chav tsev monomeric hu ua glucan. Starch thiab cellulose yog glucans li ntawd.
Amylose
Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab nws yog polysaccharide. D-glucose molecules txuas rau ib leeg txhawm rau tsim cov qauv kab hu ua amylose. Ntau cov piam thaj molecules tuaj yeem koom rau hauv kev tsim cov amylose molecule. Tus lej no tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm 300 mus rau ntau txhiab. Thaum D-glucose molecules nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cyclic, tus naj npawb 1 carbon atom tuaj yeem tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus glycosidic nrog 4th carbon atom ntawm lwm cov piam thaj molecule. Qhov no yog hu ua α-1, 4-glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus. Vim hais tias ntawm no linkage amylose tau ib tug linear qauv.
Nws tuaj yeem muaj peb hom amylose. Ib qho yog ib daim ntawv tsis zoo, amorphous, thiab muaj ob daim ntawv helical. Ib lub saw amylose tuaj yeem khi nrog lwm cov saw amylose lossis nrog lwm cov tshuaj hydrophobic xws li amylopectin, fatty acid, aromatic compound thiab lwm yam. Thaum tsuas yog amylose nyob rau hauv cov qauv, nws yog nruj nreem ntim vim lawv tsis muaj ceg. Yog li lub rigidity ntawm cov qauv yog siab. Amylose ua rau 20-30% ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Amylose yog insoluble hauv dej. Amylose yog vim li cas rau insolubility ntawm starch ib yam nkaus thiab. Nws kuj txo cov crystallinity ntawm amylopectin. Hauv cov nroj tsuag, amylose ua haujlwm ua lub zog cia. Thaum amylose degraded rau hauv cov ntawv me me carbohydrate li m altose, lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua lub zog. Thaum ua qhov kev sim iodine rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov iodine molecules haum rau hauv cov qauv helical ntawm amylose, yog li muab cov xim dub / xiav.
Cellulose
Cellulose yog polysaccharide uas yog tsim los ntawm qabzib. 3000 qabzib molecules los yog ntau tshaj qhov ntawd tuaj yeem koom ua ke thaum tsim cellulose. Tsis zoo li lwm cov polysaccharides, hauv cellulose, cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tau sib koom ua ke los ntawm β (1 → 4) glycosidic bonds. Cellulose tsis ceg, thiab nws yog ib tug ncaj saw polymer. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog hydrogen bonds ntawm molecules nws tuaj yeem tsim cov fibers nruj heev.
Zoo li ntau lwm yam polysaccharides, cellulose yog insoluble hauv dej. Cellulose muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa ntawm ntsuab nroj tsuag thiab nyob rau hauv algae. Nws muab lub zog thiab rigidity rau cov nroj tsuag. Cov phab ntsa cell no permeable rau tej yam khoom; yog li ntawd, cia cov ntaub ntawv hla mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm lub cell. Qhov no yog cov carbohydrate ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cellulose yog siv los ua cov ntawv thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau zoo. Nws yog siv los tsim biofuels.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Amylose thiab Cellulose?
• Amylose muaj α-1, 4-glycosidic bonds, whereas cellulose muaj β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.
• Tib neeg tuaj yeem zom amylose tab sis tsis yog cellulose.
• Glucose molecules nyob rau hauv cellulose muaj nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev uas ib tug yog down thiab ib tug yog nce, tab sis nyob rau hauv amylose, qabzib molecules nyob rau hauv tib orientation.
• Amylose yog nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab lawv ua hauj lwm ua lub zog khaws cia hauv cov nroj tsuag. Cellulose feem ntau yog cov qauv tsim, uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, hauv cov nroj tsuag.
