YGene vs Chromosome
Feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem paub txog dab tsi cov noob caj noob ces thiab chromosomes muaj peev xwm ntawm, tab sis kev nkag siab txog cov khawv koob molecules no txwv rau ib feem me me ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov noob caj noob ces thiab chromosomes tau nkag siab zoo li cov qauv zoo sib xws los ntawm cov neeg feem coob. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav nthuav kom tshawb nrhiav cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob thiab chromosomes.
Gene
Raws li lub ntsiab txhais los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov biological dictionaries, noob yog cov molecular unit ntawm cov cim. Cov noob txiav txim siab cov cim lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev, uas feem ntau tau txais los ntawm niam txiv lossis qee zaum cov no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv. Lub hauv paus qauv ntawm cov noob hauv DNA strand tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li kev piav qhia ntawm ob tus kws tshawb fawb James Watson thiab Francis Crick hauv xyoo 1953, uas lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel, ib yam nkaus. Txhua lub noob muaj ib ntu ntawm nucleotides, uas yog tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus noob. Lub nucleotide yog tsim los ntawm pentose qab zib phosphate molecule thiab nitrogenous puag. Nitrogenous puag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab muaj plaub ntawm cov npe hu ua Adenine, Thiamine, Guanine, thiab Cytosine. Peb qhov kev ua tiav nucleotides ua ib codon, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv rhiab rau cov amino acids hauv protein synthesis. Ib lub noob yog ib feem ntawm DNA lossis RNA molecule uas muab cov codon sequences los tsim cov proteins. Qee lub sij hawm cov noob muab cov txheej txheem rau RNA strands nrog qee qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov noob yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej, vim tias cov proteins thiab ua haujlwm RNA tag nrho yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem nitrogenous hauv cov noob. Cov xim ntawm ib tug neeg ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog qhov muag yog cov yam ntxwv, uas yog tswj los ntawm ib tug noob los yog ib tug txheej ntawm noob. Tsuas yog qhov pom kev zoo tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo li cov noob tau tswj hwm, tab sis tus lej ntawm cov noob tswj cov kab mob hauv lub cev hauv txhua lub cev yuav luag suav tsis tau.
Chromosome
Chromosome yog cov qauv tsim hauv cov hlwb uas muaj qhov ntev, coiled, thiab ib txoj hlua ntawm DNA nrog qee cov proteins uas cuam tshuam. Ib tug chromosome yog ib tug ntev DNA strand los yog molecule uas muaj xws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov noob, tswj cov ntsiab lus, thiab nucleotide sequences. Cov proteins uas tau hais tseg muaj nyob hauv lub cev ntawm chromosome kom ntim cov molecule ntev thiab tswj cov haujlwm. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, cov noob yog tib neeg thiab chromosomes yog tsev neeg yog tias lub xov tooj ntawm tes raug suav tias yog lub zos. Chromatin yog cov protein uas muaj nyob rau hauv chromosomes, uas yog yam ntxwv rau eukaryotes. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm nucleic acid yog tib yam hauv ob qho tib si prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes; Yog li ntawd, prokaryotic RNA strand raug suav hais tias yog chromosomes txawm tias tsis muaj chromatin. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias, lo lus chromosome yog ib lo lus xa mus xoob, tab sis kev xa mus tau raws li kev ua haujlwm. Chromosomes yog cov qauv uas nqa cov noob ntawm ib lub cell mus rau lwm qhov los ntawm kev faib cov cell; Yog li, lawv yuav tsum tau rov ua dua ntawm mitosis. Tsis tas li ntawd, chromosomes nqa cov noob ntawm ib tiam mus rau lwm tus.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Gene thiab Chromosome?
• Gene yog ib feem ntawm DNA strand thaum chromosome yog tag nrho cov strand ntawm DNA. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem hais tias chromosomes ntev dua thiab loj dua cov noob.
• Chromosomes nqa cov noob tab sis tsis yog lwm txoj hauv kev.
• Gene yog tsim los ntawm cov nucleotides sib txuas nkaus xwb thaum chromosome muaj nucleotides thiab cov proteins hauv cov qauv.
• Cov noob yuav tsis ua haujlwm yog tias lwm yam xwm txheej tsis tshwm sim, thaum lwm qhov ntawm chromosome tswj cov xwm txheej.
• Gene yog ib lub ntsiab lus meej nrog cov cuab yeej txhais tau tias chromosome yog ib lo lus xa mus xoob.
