Qhov txawv ntawm Amine thiab Amino Acid

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Amine vs Amino Acid

Amine thiab amino acids yog nitrogen muaj cov tebchaw.

Amine

Amines tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov organic derivatives ntawm ammonia. Amines muaj nitrogen sib txuas rau carbon. Amines tuaj yeem faib ua thawj, theem nrab thiab qib amines. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog ua raws li tus naj npawb ntawm pawg organic uas txuas nrog nitrogen atom. Li no, thawj amine muaj ib pawg R txuas nrog nitrogen; Secondary amines muaj ob pawg R, thiab tertiary amines muaj peb pawg R. Feem ntau, hauv nomenclature, thawj amines yog lub npe hu ua alkylamines. Muaj aryl amines zoo li aniline, thiab tseem muaj heterocyclic amines. Ib qho tseem ceeb heterocyclic amines muaj cov npe zoo li pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, indole, thiab lwm yam. Amines muaj trigonal bipyramidal zoo ib ncig ntawm nitrogen atom. C-N-C daim ntawv cog lus lub kaum sab xis ntawm trimethyl amine yog 108.7, uas yog ze rau H-C-H daim ntawv cog lus kaum ntawm methane. Yog li, nitrogen atom ntawm amine yog suav tias yog sp ³ hybridized. Yog li cov tsis sib koom electron khub hauv nitrogen kuj yog nyob rau hauv ib sp^{3 hybridized orbital. Qhov no tsis sib koom electron khub feem ntau koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv amines. Amines yog nruab nrab polar. Lawv cov ntsiab lus kub kub yog siab tshaj qhov sib thooj alkanes vim muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm polar. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov ntsiab lus kub kub yog qis dua li cov cawv sib xws. Thawj thiab theem nrab amine molecules tuaj yeem tsim muaj zog hydrogen bonds rau ib leeg thiab nrog dej, tab sis tertiary amine molecules tsuas tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds rau dej los yog lwm yam hydroxylic solvents (tsis tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds ntawm lawv tus kheej). Yog li ntawd, tertiary amines muaj qhov qis qis dua li cov thawj lossis theem nrab amine molecules. Amines yog cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog. Txawm hais tias lawv muaj zog dua li dej, piv rau alkoxide ions lossis hydroxide ions, lawv tsis muaj zog dua. Thaum amines ua raws li lub hauv paus thiab hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub, lawv tsim cov ntsev aminium, uas yog qhov zoo. Amines tuaj yeem tsim quaternary ammonium ntsev thaum cov nitrogen txuas rau plaub pawg thiab yog li ua tau zoo.}

Amino acid yog ib qho yooj yim molecule tsim nrog C, H, O, N thiab tej zaum yuav yog S. Nws muaj cov qauv hauv qab no.

Muaj txog 20 hom amino acids. Tag nrho cov amino acids muaj -COOH, -NH_{2 pawg thiab -H sib txuas rau carbon. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog chiral carbon, thiab alpha amino acids yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb lom neeg. D-amino acids tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov protein thiab tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov kab mob siab dua. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv thiab cov metabolism hauv qis dua ntawm lub neej. Ntxiv nrog rau cov amino acids ntau, muaj ntau cov amino acids uas tsis yog protein, ntau yam uas yog metabolic intermediates los yog qhov chaw ntawm cov tsis muaj protein ntau biomolecules (ornithine, citrulline). Cov pab pawg R sib txawv ntawm cov amino acid rau amino acid. Qhov yooj yim amino acid nrog R pawg ua H yog glycine. Raws li cov pab pawg R, cov amino acids tuaj yeem muab faib ua aliphatic, aromatic, tsis polar, polar, zoo them, tsis zoo them, lossis polar uncharged, thiab lwm yam. Amino acids tam sim no yog zwitter ions hauv lub cev pH 7.4. Amino acids yog lub tsev thaiv cov proteins.}

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Amine thiab Amino Acid?

• Amines tuaj yeem yog thawj, theem nrab lossis qib kaum. Hauv cov amino acids, thawj pawg amine tuaj yeem pom.

• Amino acids muaj ib pawg carboxylic uas muab nws cov kua qaub piv rau amines.