Qhov txawv ntawm Radioisotope thiab Isotope

Qhov txawv ntawm Radioisotope thiab Isotope
Qhov txawv ntawm Radioisotope thiab Isotope

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Radioisotope thiab Isotope

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Radioisotope thiab Isotope
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Radioisotope vs Isotope

Atoms yog lub tsev me me ntawm txhua yam khoom uas twb muaj lawm. Muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov atom sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov variations nyob rau hauv tib lub ntsiab. Isotopes yog cov piv txwv rau qhov sib txawv hauv ib lub caij. Muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov isotopes ntawm tib lub caij vim muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neutrons. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov isotopes ntawm tib lub caij yuav muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws.

Isotopes

Atoms ntawm tib lub ntsiab tuaj yeem sib txawv. Cov atoms sib txawv ntawm tib lub ntsiab yog hu ua isotopes. Lawv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov neutrons. Txij li tus naj npawb neutron txawv, lawv cov lej kuj txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov isotopes ntawm tib lub caij muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm protons thiab neutrons. Cov isotopes sib txawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov sib txawv thiab, qhov no yog muab raws li qhov feem pua tus nqi hu ua txheeb ze abundance. Piv txwv li, hydrogen muaj peb isotopes li protium, deuterium thiab tritium. Lawv tus naj npawb ntawm cov neutrons thiab cov txheeb ze muaj ntau yog raws li hauv qab no.

1H – tsis muaj neutrons, txheeb ze abundance yog 99.985%

2H- ib neutron, txheeb ze abundance yog 0.015%

3H- ob neutrons, txheeb ze abundance yog 0%

Tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons ib lub nucleus tuaj yeem tuav txawv ntawm lub caij mus rau lub caij. Ntawm cov isotopes, tsuas yog qee qhov ruaj khov. Piv txwv li, oxygen muaj peb lub isotopes ruaj khov, thiab tin muaj kaum isotopes ruaj khov. Feem ntau cov ntsiab lus yooj yim muaj tib tus lej neutron li tus lej proton. Tab sis hauv cov ntsiab lus hnyav, ntau neutrons muaj ntau dua li cov protons. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neutrons yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom sib npaug ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov nuclei. Thaum cov nuclei hnyav dhau lawm, lawv yuav tsis ruaj khov; Yog li ntawd, cov isotopes tau dhau los ua radioactive. Piv txwv li, 238 U emits hluav taws xob thiab lwj mus rau ntau lub nuclei me me. Isotopes tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom sib txawv vim lawv qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, lawv yuav muaj qhov sib txawv, yog li lawv cov NMR spectra txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tus lej electron zoo ib yam ua rau muaj kev coj cwj pwm zoo sib xws.

Ib pawg spectrometer tuaj yeem siv tau los txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog isotopes. Nws muab tus naj npawb ntawm isotopes uas ib qho khoom muaj, lawv cov txheeb ze abundances thiab masses.

Radioisotopes

Radioisotope yog ib qho isotope nrog cov xov tooj cua. Radioactivity yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub cev muaj zog nuclear uas ua rau muaj cov ntsiab lus tshiab. Hauv lwm lo lus, radioactivity yog lub peev xwm tso tawm hluav taws xob. Muaj ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm atom, lub nucleus yog ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov nuclei ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm neutrons rau protons piv; yog li ntawd, lawv tsis ruaj khov. Ua kom ruaj khov, cov nuclei no yuav tawm cov khoom, thiab cov txheej txheem no hu ua radioactive decay. Piv txwv li, Uranium muaj ob isotopes li U-235 thiab U-238. Los ntawm ob qho no, U-238 ruaj khov, tab sis U-235 isotope yog cov xov tooj cua thiab nws yog siv rau hauv cov foob pob atomic thiab nuclear fission reactors. Radioisotopes kuj tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Isotope thiab Radioisotope?

• Radioisotope yog ib qho isotope nrog cov xov tooj cua.

• Ib txwm isotopes ruaj khov, thiab radioisotopes tsis ruaj khov.

• Radioisotopes muaj lub neej nyob, thiab lawv tsis tu ncua thiab hloov mus rau lwm daim ntawv.

• Isotopes ntawm tib lub caij yuav muaj cov xov tooj cua sib txawv vim tias cov neutrons hauv lawv txawv.

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