Reaction Rate vs Reaction Time
Tus nqi tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txiav txim siab lub sijhawm nws yuav siv los ua kom tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qee yam.
Reaction Rate
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog qhov qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog qhov ntsuas, uas txiav txim siab sai npaum li cas lossis qeeb npaum li cas yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawm, qee qhov kev cuam tshuam qeeb heev, yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim tshwj tsis yog peb saib nws ntev heev. Piv txwv li, pob zeb huab cua los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb heev, uas tshwm sim ntau xyoo. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib daim ntawm poov tshuaj nrog dej yog ceev heev; Yog li, ua kom muaj cua sov ntau thiab suav tias yog qhov muaj zog tiv thaiv.
Xav txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no uas cov tshuaj reactants A thiab B mus rau cov khoom C thiab D.
a A + b B → c C + d D
Tus nqi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab los ntawm ob qho tib si los yog cov khoom lag luam.
Rate=-(1/a) d[A]/dt=-(1/b) d[B]/dt=(1/c) d[C]/dt=(1/d) d[D]/dt
Ntawm no, a, b, c thiab d yog stoichiometric coefficients ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom. Rau cov reactants, tus nqi sib npaug yog sau nrog ib tug rho tawm kos npe rau, vim hais tias cov khoom yog depleting raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov khoom lag luam nce ntxiv, lawv tau muab cov cim zoo.
Tshuaj kinetics yog kev kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov yam ntxwv no yog cov concentrations ntawm reactants, catalysts, kub, hnyav los, pH, tej zaum cov khoom concentrations, thiab lwm yam. Cov yam tseem ceeb no tuaj yeem ua kom zoo kom muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tswj tau qhov xav tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog tias peb sau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov reactant A rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no, nws yuav ua raws li hauv qab no.
R=-K [A]a [B]b
Hauv qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, k yog tus nqi tas li. Nws yog proportionality tas li, nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tus nqi thiab tus nqi tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev sim.
Reaction Time
Thaum ib lossis ntau cov reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom, lawv yuav dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov lub zog. Cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov reactants tawg thiab cov ntawv cog lus tshiab yog tsim, tsim cov khoom, uas txawv kiag li ntawm cov reactants. Hom tshuaj hloov kho no yog hu ua tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub sij hawm siv los ua kom tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qee qhov yog hu ua lub sij hawm tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub sijhawm nyob ntawm ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, qhov loj me ntawm cov reactants, qhov ntau, lawv lub cev lub cev, qhov kub thiab txias yog qee yam, uas cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ua kom tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis yog rau lub sijhawm ua tiav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, peb tuaj yeem ntsuas lub sijhawm thoob plaws qhov kev tawm tsam. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem ntsuas lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib nrab. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tiam sis, peb ntsuas lub sij hawm raws li peb qhov kev sim xav tau.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Kev Pom Zoo thiab Lub Sijhawm Tawm Tsam?
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txiav txim siab ceev npaum li cas lossis qeeb npaum li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yog lub sijhawm siv los ua kom tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qee yam.
• Yog tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab rau ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv, ces lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg. Tsis tas li yog tias, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis qis, ces lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ntev dua.
