Qhov txawv ntawm H2O thiab H2O2

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

H2O vs H2O2 | Dej vs Hydrogen Peroxide Properties, Siv, Qhov sib txawv

Dej (H₂O) thiab hydrogen peroxide (H₂O_{2) yog molecules ntawm oxygen thiab hydrogen ntsiab.}

dej

H₂O, uas txhua tus paub tias yog dej, yog yam uas peb tsis muaj nyob. Ob lub hydrogens yog covalently bonded rau oxygen los tsim dej. Cov molecule tau txais cov duab khoov kom txo tau cov electron ib leeg ib khub-pob txha repulsion, thiab H-O-H lub kaum sab xis yog 104 ^oDej yog cov ntshiab, tsis muaj xim, tsis qab, tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab nws tuaj yeem nyob hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv xws li pos huab, dew, daus, dej khov, vapor, thiab lwm yam. Dej mus rau theem roj thaum nws rhuab tshaj 100 ^{o C ntawm qhov qub atmospheric siab.}

Dej yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Nws yog qhov ntau tshaj inorganic compound nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem nyob. Ntau tshaj 75% ntawm peb lub cev muaj dej. Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov hlwb, ua raws li cov kuab tshuaj thiab reactant. Dej yog cov kua dej ntawm chav tsev kub, txawm hais tias nws muaj qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 18 gmol ^{-1 Lub peev xwm ntawm dej los tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen yog qhov tshwj xeeb nws muaj. Ib qho dej molecule tuaj yeem tsim plaub daim ntawv cog lus hydrogen. Oxygen yog electronegative ntau dua hydrogen, ua O-H bonds hauv dej polar. Vim lub polarity thiab muaj peev xwm tsim hydrogen bonds, dej yog ib qho hnyav hnyav. Nws yog lub npe hu ua universal hnyav vim nws muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv dissolving ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ntxiv mus, dej muaj lub ntsej muag siab nro, cov nplaum kom zoo, cohesive rog. Cov dej tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias yam tsis tau mus rau hauv cov pa roj lossis cov khoom siv. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua muaj peev xwm kub siab, uas nyob rau hauv lem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob nyob.}

Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide yog daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm peroxide, uas txhais tau tias yog H ₂O₂ Nws yog cov kua ntshiab nrog lub hau. point 150 ^{oC. Nws yog miscible tag nrho nrog dej, txawm li cas los xij, tuaj yeem sib cais tag nrho los ntawm distillation, vim tias nws cov ntsiab lus kub yog siab dua li cov dej. Hydrogen peroxide yog ib qho muaj zog oxidizing thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev. Hydrogen peroxide yog non-linear, non-planar molecule. Nws muaj cov qauv qhib phau ntawv.}

Peroxides yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis ua ib qho nruab nrab. Hom kev tshwm sim no tshwm sim hauv peb lub cev ib yam nkaus. Peroxide muaj cov tshuaj lom hauv peb lub hlwb. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau neutralized sai li sai tau thaum lawv tsim. Peb lub hlwb muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb mechanism rau qhov ntawd. Muaj ib qho organelle hu ua peroxisomes hauv peb cov hlwb, uas muaj cov enzyme catalase. Qhov no enzyme catalyses lub decomposition ntawm hydrogen peroxide rau hauv dej thiab oxygen; yog li ntawd, ua ib tug detoxification muaj nuj nqi. Hydrogen peroxide muaj cov khoom phom sij xws li decomposition rau oxygen thiab dej nrog evolution ntawm tshav kub, decomposes vim muaj kab mob los yog kev sib cuag nrog active nto, nce nyob rau hauv lub ntim vim yog tsim ntawm oxygen siab, thiab nws kuj muaj peev xwm tsim explosive sib tov. Kev ua kom dawb huv ntawm hydrogen peroxide yog vim oxidation thiab tso tawm oxygen. Cov pa oxygen no yuav ua rau cov xim muaj xim, ua kom tsis muaj xim.

H₂O₂ → H_{2O + O}

O + Xim teeb meem → Tsis muaj xim

Lwm yam tsis yog tshuaj dawb, H₂O_{2 is siv cov oxidant rau foob pob hluav taws roj, tsim cov epoxides, tshuaj thiab zaub mov Cov khoom lag luam, raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Hydrogen peroxide yog khaws cia rau hauv paraffin wax coated iav, yas los yog Teflon fwj.}

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Dej (H₂O) thiab Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O_2)?

• Hauv dej, H:O ration yog 2: 1 whereas, hauv hydrogen peroxide, nws yog 1: 1.

• Hauv dej, oxygen yog -2 lub xeev oxidation. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv H₂O_{2, oxygen muaj -1 lub xeev oxidation.}

• H₂O_{2 muaj qhov kub hnyiab ntau dua li dej.}

• H₂O_{2 yog ib qho muaj zog oxidizing thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev piv rau dej.}

• Dej yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo piv rau H₂O_2.